Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Flashcards
The Hematopoietic stem cell is CD what positive?
CD34+
What can cause netropenia?
- Chemotherapy
- Severe infection
What are people with neutropenia treated with?
GMCSF or GCSF
- Granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor
- Granolocyte colony stimulating factor
What can cause lymphopeia?
- Immunodeficiency (e.g DiGeorge)
- High cortisol state
- Autoimmune destruction (SLE)
- Whole body radiation
What are the most sensitive cells to radiation in the human body?
Lymphocytes
What may cause Neutrophilic leukocytosis?
increased neutrophils
- Bacterial infection (left shift)
- Tissue necrosis (left shift)
- High cortisol state / glucocorticoids (marginal pool of neutrophils falls into blood)
What are immature neutrophils characterised by? (occurs in left shift)
Decreased Fc receptors
- Decreased CD16
When may you see monocytosis?
- Chronic inflammatory states
- Malignancy
What may cause eospinophilia?
- Allergic reactions
- Parasitic infection
- Hodgkin lymphoma
Through what can Hodgkin lymphoma cause eospinophilia?
IL-5
What kind of leukemia may feature basophilia?
CML
What bacterial infection may cause lymphocytic leukocytosis?
Bordetella pertusis
WHat other virus other than EBV may cause infectious mononucleosis?
CMV
Hown is EBV spread?
Saliva
What does EBV primarily infect?
- Oropharynx
- Liver
- B cells
What kind of T-cell response happens in EBV infection?
CD8+
- Generalised LAD
- Splenomegaly
- High white count with atypical lymphocytes (nucleus bigger than RBCs, cytoplasm also bigger), looks like monocyte
What surrounds the arteries in the white pulp?
Periarteriole llymphatic sheath
- Dense blue colour on hist
- T cells present here
- Exapnds when T cell response
Describe the monospot test?
- EBV mononucleosis screening
- Detects IgM heterophile antibodies - has affinity to bind to RBCs from another animal (Sheep or horse)
- Turns posite within 1 week after after infection
- Negative test suggests CMV as the cause
What is the definitive test for EBV mononucleosis?
Testing for EBV viral capsid antigen
What are the complications of mononucelosis?
- Risk of splenic rupture
- Rash if exposed to penicillin
- Dormancy of virus in B cells - risk of lymphoma and reinfection (especially in immunosuppressed/deficient)
