Leukopenia and Leukocytosis

Question 1

The Hematopoietic stem cell is CD what positive?

Answer 1

CD34+

Question 2

What can cause netropenia?

Answer 2

• Chemotherapy

- Severe infection

Question 3

What are people with neutropenia treated with?

Answer 3

GMCSF or GCSF

• Granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor
• Granolocyte colony stimulating factor

Question 4

What can cause lymphopeia?

Answer 4

• Immunodeficiency (e.g DiGeorge)
• High cortisol state
• Autoimmune destruction (SLE)
• Whole body radiation

Question 5

What are the most sensitive cells to radiation in the human body?

Answer 5

Lymphocytes

Question 6

What may cause Neutrophilic leukocytosis?

increased neutrophils

Answer 6

• Bacterial infection (left shift)
• Tissue necrosis (left shift)
• High cortisol state / glucocorticoids (marginal pool of neutrophils falls into blood)

Question 7

What are immature neutrophils characterised by? (occurs in left shift)

Answer 7

Decreased Fc receptors

- Decreased CD16

Question 8

When may you see monocytosis?

Answer 8

• Chronic inflammatory states

- Malignancy

Question 9

What may cause eospinophilia?

Answer 9

• Allergic reactions
• Parasitic infection
• Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 10

Through what can Hodgkin lymphoma cause eospinophilia?

Answer 10

IL-5

Question 11

What kind of leukemia may feature basophilia?

Answer 11

CML

Question 12

What bacterial infection may cause lymphocytic leukocytosis?

Answer 12

Bordetella pertusis

Question 13

WHat other virus other than EBV may cause infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 13

CMV

Question 14

Hown is EBV spread?

Answer 14

Saliva

Question 15

What does EBV primarily infect?

Answer 15

• Oropharynx
• Liver
• B cells

Question 16

What kind of T-cell response happens in EBV infection?

Answer 16

CD8+

• Generalised LAD
• Splenomegaly
• High white count with atypical lymphocytes (nucleus bigger than RBCs, cytoplasm also bigger), looks like monocyte

Question 17

What surrounds the arteries in the white pulp?

Answer 17

Periarteriole llymphatic sheath

• Dense blue colour on hist
• T cells present here
• Exapnds when T cell response

Question 18

Describe the monospot test?

Answer 18

• EBV mononucleosis screening
• Detects IgM heterophile antibodies - has affinity to bind to RBCs from another animal (Sheep or horse)
• Turns posite within 1 week after after infection
• Negative test suggests CMV as the cause

Question 19

What is the definitive test for EBV mononucleosis?

Answer 19

Testing for EBV viral capsid antigen

Question 20

What are the complications of mononucelosis?

Answer 20

• Risk of splenic rupture
• Rash if exposed to penicillin
• Dormancy of virus in B cells - risk of lymphoma and reinfection (especially in immunosuppressed/deficient)