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Clinical Lecture > Leukocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes Flashcards

0
Q

Which are the granulocytes and mononuclear cells

A

Gran=neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Mono=lymphocytes, monocytes

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1
Q

How to calc abs neutrophil value

A

Total wbc count x neutrophil percentage (decimal)

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2
Q

Which tissue leukocyte cam recirc

A

Lymphocytes via lymphatic sys

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3
Q

Momocytes are

A

Temp mononuclear cells. Become macrophages

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4
Q

Mast cells are involved in

A

Hypersensitivity rxns

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5
Q

Neutrophils are aka

A

PMN

polymorphyonuclear

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6
Q

Avian and reptile equiv of neutrophil

A

Heterophil

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7
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Acrion of being attracted by chem messengers

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8
Q

Chemoattractants

A

Chem mediators

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9
Q

Neutrophil time in bloostream

A

5-10h

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10
Q

Neutrophil time in tissue

A

24-48h

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11
Q

In what animals is MNP CNP equal, 3x larger

A

Dog, horse, calf - equal

Cat - MNP 3x> CNP

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12
Q

What approxes CNP

A

Wbc and differential count

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13
Q

Which are members of

Mitotic pool
Maturation storage pool

A

Mitotic…myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes

Mat…metamyelocytes, bands, segs

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14
Q

What is left shift

Usually assoc with

Describe the 2 types

A

Increased numbers of i mmature neutrophils in blood

Inflamm conditions. Infectious, immune, infiltrative bone marrow disease

Degen = immature neutro > mature

Regen = mature > immature neutrophils

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15
Q

Name 4 major processes that influence measured blood neutrophil conc

A

Production
Release from bone marrow
Distrib b.w CNP MNP
Migration from blood to tissue

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16
Q

What animals have greatest and smallest reserve/ability to prod neutrophils

A

Dogs greatest
Cat
Horse
Cows least

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17
Q

What do mediators do

A
  • vasodilation
  • go to marrow to increase amount of mature neutro released and produced
  • also cause marg -> circ pool
18
Q

What causes toxic changes

A

Neutro made quickly

19
Q

3 causes neutrophilia

A

Inflamm

Excitement (epi)(mnp➡️cnp, pseudo. No feedback from marrow, obv no left shift)

Stress (cortisol)

20
Q

Classic steroid leukogram in dog

A

Neutrophilia
Monocytosis

Lymphopenia
Eosinopenia

21
Q

3 ways neutrophilia occurs in stress response

A

Mnp➡️cnp
⬇️migration into tissue. Consumption decreased
Marrow ⬆️ release

22
Q

What is the only inflamm response that doesnt cause a left shift

A

Chronic closed cavity purulent inflamm. Walled off lesion doesnt allow for consumption, marrow doesnt have a prob keeping up

23
Q

What 3 things woukd indic stress + inflamm response

A

Neutrophilia + left shift + lymphopenia

24
Q

4 causes of neutropenia

A

Margination (endotoxemia, considered pseudo b.c no marrow response)

Inflamm

Periph dest (destruction in circ, such as immune med)

Stem cell injury

25
Q

Lesion severity during acute inflamm, neutropenia

A

Dog very severe
Cat very severe
Horse probable severe
Cow usual finding

26
Q

4 causes of stem cell injury

A

Infectious parvo ehrlichia feLV
Neoplastic
Toxic chemo drugs,estrogen
Marrow necrosis

27
Q

B versus T lymphocytes

A

B=humoral immunity, antibody prod

T=cell med immunity, activ macrophages, NK cells, T helper cells (Help B prolif and diff into plasma cells)

28
Q

Lymphoblasts diff into

A

B cells
T cells
NK cells

29
Q

Myeloblasts diff into

A

Granulocytes

30
Q

Where do Ba nd T cells mature and prolif

A

B mature in bone marrow, prolif in periph lymphoid tissue (nodes, spleen, tonsils, bronchial assoc lymphoid tissue, peyer patches in ileum, bursa of fabricius in birds)

T mature in thymus, accum in nodes, spleen, pyer patches in jejunum

31
Q

Here do majority of lymphocytes reside. What percent is rest

A

Lymphoid tissue. 2-5% circulates

32
Q

Path of lymphocyte recirc

A

Efferent duct - thoracic duct- blood - lymph node cortex capillaries - lymphoid parenchyma - efferent duct

Or

Blood - spleen (splenic parenchyma) - blood

33
Q

2 common causes lymphocytosis

A

Excitement (mlp➡️clp)

Lymphoproliferative neoplasia

Ehrlichia in chronic form causes lymphocytosis, high prop NK cells

34
Q

Chronic versus acute lymphocytic leukemia

A

Chronic - still functional, expansion small leukocytes

Acute - not functional, prolif of immature lymphoblasts

35
Q

What constitutesa. Lymphocytosis

A

Excitement
20k cells/microliter in cats
12k cells/microliter in dogs
Consider chronic ehrlichiosis, 30k partic

Lymphocytic leukemia
Over 20k cats
Over 12k dogs

36
Q

2 causes lymphopenia

A

Steroid response (sequestration in lymphoid tissue)

Acute inflamm (acute viral inf, neutropenia)

37
Q

SCI

A

Severe combined immunideficiency in arabian foals causes lymphopenia

38
Q

Monocytes diff into. How long survive

A

Macrophages 3mo, dendritic 10-14

39
Q

What tumors are assoc with eosinophilia

A

Mast cell tumor. T cell lymphoma, carcinoma

40
Q

Right shift?

A

Increased comc of hyperseg neutrophils

Over 5 most mammals
Over 7 horse

41
Q

Idioathic right shift is normal in

Assoc woth vitb12 folate def in

A

Quarter horses

Dogs cats

42
Q

4 characteristics of toxic neutrophils

A

Cytoplasmic basophilia

Dohle bodies

Cytoplasmic vacuolization. Assoc with inherited lysosomal storage diseases. Mucopolysaccharidosis. Siamese-related

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Clinical Lecture (4 decks)

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