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Blood Chapter > Leukocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes Flashcards

1
Q

How do monocytes look like?

A

very big in size, nucleus is big and is u-shaped (kidney shaped)

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2
Q

How do neutrophils look like?

A

multi-lobed nucleus, funky nucleus, first on sight

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3
Q

How do eosinophils look like?

A

bi-lobed nucleus, grains always stain red

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4
Q

How do basophils look like?

A

they vary but they have big blue grains that obscure their nucleus and their nucleus has the shape of mickey mouse’s ears

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5
Q

How do lymphocytes look like?

A

tiny, nucleus takes up most of cell

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6
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

phagocytes: destroy invaders by eating or engulfing them

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7
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

secrete chemicals that destroy parasitic worms, chemical warefare

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8
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

secrete chemicals such as histamine, heparin, and kinins for allergic reactions (overly sensitive immune systems)

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9
Q

What is the function of lympocytes?

A

immunity, tiny but mighty, secrete chemicals (mainly antibodies) to inactivate any pathogens that enter the body

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10
Q

What is the function of t-lymphocytes?

A

manage immune response

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11
Q

What is the function of b-lymphocytes?

A

become plasma cells and produce antibodies

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12
Q

What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?

A

attack abnormal and infected tissue cells

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13
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

phagocytes, for long-term infections

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14
Q

What does a phagocyte do?

A

destroy invaders by eating/engulfing them

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15
Q

What are the two categories of leukocytes?

A

agranulocytes and granulocytes

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16
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

grains inside cytoplasm that stain blue or purple, grains can be so large that they obscure the nucleus

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17
Q

What are agranulocytes?

A

not a lot of grains, they have intact nucleus (not bi-lobed or multi-lobed)

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18
Q

How many leukocytes are granulocytes? What are they?

A

There are three in total: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

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19
Q

How many leukocytes are agranulocytes? What are they?

A

There are two in total: monocytes and lympocytes

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20
Q

What is the main function of leukocytes?

A

components of blood that defends body against disease

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21
Q

What is the function of histamine?

A

causes inflammation (inflammation isn’t bad, you just don’t want too much of it)

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22
Q

What is the function of heparin?

A

thins blood so it runs faster

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23
Q

What is the function of kinins?

A

attracts leukocytes to the area

24
Q

What is the saying to remember leukocytes in order of greatest to least abundance?

A

Never let monkeys eat bananas (Neutrophils, leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils)

25
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

too little lymphocytes

26
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

production of leukocytes

27
Q

What is leukemia?

A

malignancy in leukocyte forming cells, abnormal, too many, don’t work right, there are many types of leukemia

28
Q

What is neutrophilia?

A

increase of neutrophils

29
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

decrease of neutrophils

30
Q

What is lymphocytosis?

A

increase of lymphocytes

31
Q

What is lymphocytopenia?

A

decrease of lymphocytes

32
Q

Why does the abundance of eosinophils change?

A

increase because of allergic reactions, parasites, some autoimmune diseases

33
Q

Why does the abundance of monocytes increase?

A

increase because of chronic inflammatory disorders or tuberculosis

34
Q

Why does the abundance of monocytes decrease?

A

decrease because of prolonged prednisone therapy

35
Q

Why does the abundance of basophils increase?

A

increase because of myeloproliferative disorders (overproduction in bone marrow)

36
Q

Why does the abundance of basophils decrease?

A

decrease because of acute allergic reactions and stress reactions

37
Q

What is the abundance percentage of neutrophils?

A

fifty - seventy percent

38
Q

What is the abundance percentage of eosinophils?

A

one - four percent

39
Q

What is the abundance percentage of basophils?

A

less than one percent

40
Q

What is the abundance percentage of lymphocytes?

A

twenty - forty percent

41
Q

What is the abundance percentage of monocytes?

A

two - eight percent

42
Q

What is the major chemical produced by monocytes?

A

antibodies

43
Q

What cells do lymphocytes make?

A

t-lymphocytes, b-lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells

44
Q

What is the life span of leukocytes?

A

the life span of leukocytes in tissues ranges from 4-5 days to years, to decades (depending on if leukocyte is granulocyte or agranulocyte)

45
Q

What leukocyte lives the longest and why?

A

lymphocytes live the longest because they’re for immunity

46
Q

What is the life span of granulocytes?

A

4-5 days to years

47
Q

What is the life span of agranulocytes?

A

4-5 days to decades

48
Q

What is the percentage of leukocytes in circulating blood?

A

account for one percent of circulating blood

49
Q

How are leukocytes categorized into agranulocytes and granulocytes?

A

depends on the staining grains in their cytoplasm

50
Q

Why do leukocytes have receptor sites on the outside?

A

for linking, forming antibody chains, secreting chemicals, and adhering to foreign cells to kill or lyse them

51
Q

What is hemopoiesis?

A

the production of formed elements (leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes)

52
Q

How many leukocytes does the average adult produce every day?

A

5,000 - 10,000

53
Q

What is DIF and what is it used for?

A

Differential white blood cell (leukocyte) count, doctors call for this when they want to see what’s going on in a patient

54
Q

Where can lymphocytes and monocytes be found and what do they do in there?

A

they can be found in the lymph nodes, they destroy pathogens

55
Q

Where do lymphocytes circulate?

A

they circulate in your lymph fluid

56
Q

What is lymph fluid?

A

everyday, a liquid portion of your blood is pushed out of your blood vessels into your lymph vessels, then travels through lymph nodes so lymphocytes can kill off/inactivate the pathogen

57
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

it’s a type of blood cancer: lymphocytes are immature, not working right which causes them to not replicate right

Blood Chapter (2 decks)

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