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Hema Lec (FINALS) > Leukocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Dynamic forces that move cells into and out of body compartments

A

Leukocyte kinetics

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2
Q

MATCH:
A. Active
B. Passive

  • Antibody
  • Antigen
A

Active –> Antigen
Passive –> Antibody

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3
Q

Example of innate and adaptive immunity

A

Innate: phagocytes
Adaptive: lymphocytes

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4
Q

Enumerate parameters of maturation characteristics

A

(CNCNCN)
Cell size
Nucleoli
Chromatin
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
N:C Ratio

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5
Q

Enumerate the laboratory tests for leukocyte identification

A

WBC Count
WBC Differential Count
*Schilling’s Index
*Arneth Count
Immunophenotyping
Cytochemical Stains

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6
Q

Where does neutrophil development occur?

A

Bone marrow

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7
Q

Major cytokine responsible for stimulation of neutrophil development

A

Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)

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8
Q

This is used for the differentiation and production of cells

A

Cytokines

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9
Q

Enumerate the three pools in the bone marrow and define

A
  1. Stem Cell Pool
    *presence of HSCs
  2. Proliferation Pool
    *mitotic pool; actively dividing precursors

–> Examples: (cfuGEMM,GMPM)
*CFU Granulocytes, Erythrocytes, Monocytes, Megakaryocytes; GMP, Myeloblasts, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte

  1. Maturation Pool
    *storage pool

–> Examples: (MBS)
–>Metamyelocytes, Band neutrophils, Segmented neutrophils

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10
Q

Which cells are in the circulation?

A

Metamyelocyte
Band form
Mature granulocyte

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11
Q

Order of granulopoiesis

A
  1. Heamocytoblast
  2. Myeloid stem cell
  3. Myeloblast
  4. Promyelocyte
  5. Myelocyte
  6. Metamyelocyte
  7. Band form
  8. Granulocyte
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12
Q

Since HSCs, GMPs, and CMPs are indistinguishable under light microscope and Romanowsky stain, how do you identify them?

A

Surface antigen detection using flow cytometry

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13
Q

Three body compartments

A

Bone marrow
Peripheral Blood
Tissue

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14
Q

Transit time from HSC to myeloblast

A

not measured

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15
Q

transit time from myeloblast to myelocyte

A

6 days

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16
Q

transit time to maturation pool

A

4-6 days

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17
Q

differentiate CNP and MNP

A

Circulating neutrophil pool: freely floating

Marginal neutrophil pool: adheres to blood vessel wall; stays for 7 hours in blood

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18
Q

steps in extravasation and define

A

(RACT! raaak)
1. Rolling: presence of selectin makes it roll
2. Adhesion: strong binding stops rolling
3. Crawling: look for ICAM
4. Transmigration: macrophage 1 antigen binds to ICAM; paracellular or transcellular

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19
Q

passage of blood from capillaries to site of inflammation

A

diapedesis

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20
Q

this is a stimulant

A

chemotactic agent

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21
Q

library of innate immune proteins

A

granules

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22
Q

enumerate the primary granules of neutrophils

A

(MELCDiP / MILK DiP)
Myeloperoxidase
Elastase
Lysozyme
Cathepsin G
Defensin
Proteinase-3

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23
Q

enumerate the secondary granules of neutrophils

A

(CeLLiNe)
Collagenase
Lactoferrin
Lysozyme
NADPH oxidase

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24
Q

enumerate the tertiary granules of neutrophils

A

(GAP)
Gelatinase
Acid hydrolase
Plasminogen inhibitor

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25
Q

enumerate the functions of neutrophil

A

(PIOONS)
1. Phagocyte (non-specific)
*recognition and attachment
2. Ingestion
*pseudopodia formation
3. Oxygen dependent killing
*respiratory burst
*produce H2O2 (primary ROS) and hydrochloride (secondary ROS)
4. Oxygen independent killing
5. Neutrophil extracellular traps
*trap gram (+) and (-)
6. Secretory functions

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26
Q

how to differentiate promyelocyte from neutrophil promyelocyte?

A

charcot leyden crystals

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27
Q

makes up 1-3% of nucleated cells in the bone marrow and blood

A

eosinophil

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28
Q

transit time from last myelocytic division to mature eosinophil

A

3.5 days

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29
Q

half life of eosinophils

A

18 hours in the circulation

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30
Q

how long is the survival of eosinophils in tissues

A

2-5 days

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31
Q

eosinophil tissue destination

A

columnar epithelial cells in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary tract

32
Q

mode of degranulation in eosinophils: moves granules to fuse with plasma membrane

A

classical exocytosis

33
Q

mode of degranulation in eosinophils: removes specific protein before fusing with plasma membrane

A

piecemeal degranulation

34
Q

mode of degranulation in eosinophils: fuse with eosinophil before plasma membrane

A

compound exocytosis

35
Q

mode of degranulation in eosinophils: spilling of cellular contents

A

cytolysis

36
Q
  1. most commonly observed mode of degranulation in eosinophils
  2. second most common
A
  1. piecemeal degranulation
  2. cytolysis
37
Q

enumerate the functions of eosinophil

A

(APIP)
1. Act as APC
2. Promote proliferation of effector T cells
3. Increased in infection
4. Prevents reinfection

38
Q

treatment of airway inflammation and mucosal cell damage

A

anti IL-5 monoclonal antibody

39
Q

examples of allergic disorders that increase eosinophils

A

(CUAFI)
Chron’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Asthma
Food Allergy
Inflammatory bowel disease

40
Q

this is a physiological response to helminth infections

A

IgE response

41
Q

misdirected anti-parasite response in hypersensitive people

A

allergy

42
Q

other name for charcot leyden crystals

A

galectin-10

43
Q

T or F

staging is not done in basophils

A

T

44
Q

cytokines involved in basophil development

A

IL-3 and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP)

45
Q

what cytokines are involved in IgE independent?

A

(may 3 lahat or mukhang 3 and 8)
CD33, CD3, CD18

46
Q

life span of basophil

A

60 hours

47
Q

term for “cannot lyse basophils”

A

antiapoptotic

48
Q

immunologic gatekeepers

A

mast cells

49
Q

composition of the granules of mast cells

A

(PPC)
Protease
Peptidoglycan
Cytokine

50
Q

where do mast cells mature

A

tissue

51
Q

first to interact with microorganisms before they enter the circulation

A

mast cells

52
Q

order of monopoiesis

A
  1. Heamocytoblast
  2. Myeloid Stem Cell
  3. Monoblast
  4. Promonocyte
  5. Monocyte (blood)
  6. Macrophage (tissue)
53
Q

how many hours do macrophages stay in the blood

A

70 hours

54
Q

granules of macrophage

A

(AAANP)
1. Acid hydrolase
2. Acid phosphatase
3. Arysulfatase
4. Nonspecific esterase
5. Peroxidase

55
Q

has housekeeping functions and nitric oxide production

A

macrophage

56
Q

macrophage maintains storage pool of iron through what phenomenon

A

nursing/suckling phenomenon

57
Q

protein synthesized by macrophage

A

transcobalamin II

58
Q

cells that mature outside the bone marrow

A

T and NK

59
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow
Thymus

60
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

(PLS M)
1. Peyer’s patches
2. Lymph nodes
3. Spleen
4. MALT

61
Q

first appearance of CD19 and CD45

A

Pro B cells

62
Q

antibody present in Pre-B cells

A

IgM (heavy chain)

63
Q

where do marginal cells mature

A

spleen

64
Q

where do follicular b cells mature

A

lymph nodes

65
Q

cytokines in immature b cell

A

CD21, CD40 Class II MHC

66
Q

antibodies in mature B cell

A

IgD and IgM

67
Q

activated B and T cell cytokine

A

IL-2 (CD25)

68
Q

plasma cell CD marker

A

CD78

69
Q

this can produce lymphokines

A

sensitized T cells

70
Q

CD markers for NK cells

A

(may 6 lahat)
CD 16, CD 56

71
Q

kill intracellular parasites

A

Th1

72
Q

kill extracellular parasites

A

Th2

73
Q

induction of extracellular
bacteria and fungi

A

Th17

74
Q

maintain self-tolerance by
regulating immune response

A

Treg

75
Q

Activate apoptotic pathways on target cell

A

CD8

76
Q
A

Hema Lec (FINALS) (1 decks)

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