LEUKOCYTE DEVELOPMENT_prt.2 Flashcards by Kyra Catedral

MONONUCLEAR
MONOCYTE
• MONOCYTE DEVELOPMENT

M-CSF

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• Similar to myeloblast
• Rare in the bone marrow

MONOBLAST

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• Delicate chromatin pattern
• At least one nucleolus present
• Cytoplasm is blue with very fine azure granules
• Azure Dust

PROMONOCYTE

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MONOCYTE
• diameter/ size

15-20 um

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• Slightly immature cells
• Loose chromatin pattern
• Azure dust
• 2-12% of circulating leukocytes
• Physiologic vacuolation
• Cytoplasmic blebs

MONOCYTE

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MACROPHAGE
• Can be as large as…

40-50 um

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• Oval nucleus with reticulated
chromatin pattern
• Maybe multi-nucleated and have cytoplasmic extensions
• Pale, vacuolated cytoplasm
• Dependent on anaerobic glycolysis except dust cells

MACROPHAGE

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MONOCYTE
KINETICS
• Under normal conditions promonocyte do____ mitosis within 60 hours
• Twice the rate if there is increased demand

two

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• No storage pool in the bone marrow
• Stays in the peripheral blood for ____then move to tissue for further differentiation
• Has marginal and circulating pool

MONOCYTE

70 hours

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MONOCYTE
FUNCTIONS

Granules

Acid hydrolase
Arylsulfatase
Nonspecific esterase
Peroxidase (except macrophage)
Acid phosphatase

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FUNCTIONS
• PHAGOCYTOSIS
• Through toll-like receptors and opsonins
• NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION
• ANTIGEN PRESENTATION
• HOUSEKEEPING FUNCTIONS

MONOCYTE

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• Removal of debris and dead cells
• Destruction of senescent RBCs
• Maintains storage pool of iron
• Nursing/suckling phenomenon
• Synthesis of proteins
• Transcobalamin Ii

MONOCYTE

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• Synthesis of Transcobalamin II

MONOCYTE

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• Need for antigen exposure
• Production ot antibodies
• Directed to a specific antigen
• Memory
• Tolerance

LYMPHOCYTE
• ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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• NOT END CELLS
• Recirculate from the blood to the tissue and back to blood

LYMPHOCYTES

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are capable of gene rearrangement

• B & T cells

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mature outside the bone marrow

• T & NK cells

LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT

LYMPHOPOIESIS

• Primary Lymphoid organs

• Secondary Lymphoid organs

• Bone marrow
• Thymus

• Spleen
• Lymph nodes
• Payer’s patches
• MALT

LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT

Cytokine

• IL-7

• CD-19 and CD 45
• No surface immunoglobulins
• Gene rearrangement for heavy chains (C14)

• Pro-B cell

• Heavy chains and surrogate light chains
• Gene rearrangement for light chains

• PRE-B CELL

B CELLS

• Complete surface IgM (monomer)
• CD 21, CD 40 classic II MHC

• B CELLS

• IMMATURE B CELL

• IgD
• Marginal B cell (spleen)
• Follicular B cell (OLO)

• MATURE B CELL

• ACTIVATED B CELL • By…

IL-2 (CD25)

• No surface immunoglobulin • No CD 19, but CD 78

PLASMA CELL

LYMPHOCYTE • T CELLS • No CD4 and CD8

• Double negative thymocytes

• CD4 and CD8 Positive • Positive and negative selection

• Double positive thymocytes

• CD4 positive or CD8 positive

• MATURE T CELL

• ACTIVATED T CELL By…

• IL-2 (CD 25)

• Can produce lymphokines

SENSITIZED T CELL

• No pan B or T cell marker • Relatively large compared to other lymphocytes

NK Cells

NK cells Cytokines

• IL-15 • CD 16 (receptor for Fc) • CD 56

LYMPHOCYTE KINETICS • Develop in the bone marrow • Develop in the thymus

• B-CELLS AND NK-CELLS • T-CELLS

• Antigen presentation • Antibody production (plasma cells)

• B-CELLS

• Kill without regard for MHC • Kill tumor cells and virally-infected cells

• NK-CELLS

• T-CELLS • = kill intracellular parasites

TH1

T cells • = kill extracellular parasites; induction of allergy (asthma)

TH2

T cells • = Induction of extracellular bacteria and fungi

TH17

T cells • = maintain self-tolerance by regulating immune response

Treg

T cells • Kill intracellular parasites • Activate apoptotic pathways on target cell

CD 8