LEUKOCYTE DEVELOPMENT_prt.2 Flashcards
MONONUCLEAR
MONOCYTE
• MONOCYTE DEVELOPMENT
M-CSF
• Similar to myeloblast
• Rare in the bone marrow
MONOBLAST
• Delicate chromatin pattern
• At least one nucleolus present
• Cytoplasm is blue with very fine azure granules
• Azure Dust
PROMONOCYTE
MONOCYTE
• diameter/ size
15-20 um
• Slightly immature cells
• Loose chromatin pattern
• Azure dust
• 2-12% of circulating leukocytes
• Physiologic vacuolation
• Cytoplasmic blebs
MONOCYTE
MACROPHAGE
• Can be as large as…
40-50 um
• Oval nucleus with reticulated
chromatin pattern
• Maybe multi-nucleated and have cytoplasmic extensions
• Pale, vacuolated cytoplasm
• Dependent on anaerobic glycolysis except dust cells
MACROPHAGE
MONOCYTE
KINETICS
• Under normal conditions promonocyte do____ mitosis within 60 hours
• Twice the rate if there is increased demand
two
• No storage pool in the bone marrow
• Stays in the peripheral blood for ____then move to tissue for further differentiation
• Has marginal and circulating pool
MONOCYTE
70 hours
MONOCYTE
FUNCTIONS
Granules
Acid hydrolase
Arylsulfatase
Nonspecific esterase
Peroxidase (except macrophage)
Acid phosphatase
FUNCTIONS
• PHAGOCYTOSIS
• Through toll-like receptors and opsonins
• NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION
• ANTIGEN PRESENTATION
• HOUSEKEEPING FUNCTIONS
MONOCYTE
• Removal of debris and dead cells
• Destruction of senescent RBCs
• Maintains storage pool of iron
• Nursing/suckling phenomenon
• Synthesis of proteins
• Transcobalamin Ii
MONOCYTE
• Synthesis of Transcobalamin II
MONOCYTE
• Need for antigen exposure
• Production ot antibodies
• Directed to a specific antigen
• Memory
• Tolerance
LYMPHOCYTE
• ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
• NOT END CELLS
• Recirculate from the blood to the tissue and back to blood
LYMPHOCYTES
are capable of gene rearrangement
• B & T cells
mature outside the bone marrow
• T & NK cells
LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT
LYMPHOPOIESIS
• Primary Lymphoid organs
• Secondary Lymphoid organs
• Bone marrow
• Thymus
• Spleen
• Lymph nodes
• Payer’s patches
• MALT
LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT
Cytokine
• IL-7
• CD-19 and CD 45
• No surface immunoglobulins
• Gene rearrangement for heavy chains (C14)
• Pro-B cell
• Heavy chains and surrogate light chains
• Gene rearrangement for light chains
• PRE-B CELL
B CELLS
• Complete surface IgM (monomer)
• CD 21, CD 40 classic II MHC
• B CELLS
• IMMATURE B CELL
• IgD
• Marginal B cell (spleen)
• Follicular B cell (OLO)
• MATURE B CELL
• ACTIVATED B CELL
• By…
IL-2 (CD25)
• No surface immunoglobulin
• No CD 19, but CD 78
PLASMA CELL
LYMPHOCYTE
• T CELLS
• No CD4 and CD8
• Double negative thymocytes
• CD4 and CD8 Positive
• Positive and negative selection
• Double positive thymocytes
• CD4 positive or CD8 positive
• MATURE T CELL
• ACTIVATED T CELL
By…
• IL-2 (CD 25)
• Can produce lymphokines
SENSITIZED T CELL
• No pan B or T cell marker
• Relatively large compared to other lymphocytes
NK Cells
NK cells
Cytokines
• IL-15
• CD 16 (receptor for Fc)
• CD 56
LYMPHOCYTE
KINETICS
• Develop in the bone marrow
• Develop in the thymus
• B-CELLS AND NK-CELLS
• T-CELLS
• Antigen presentation
• Antibody production (plasma cells)
• B-CELLS
• Kill without regard for MHC
• Kill tumor cells and virally-infected cells
• NK-CELLS
• T-CELLS
• = kill intracellular parasites
TH1
T cells
• = kill extracellular parasites; induction of allergy (asthma)
TH2
T cells
• = Induction of extracellular bacteria and fungi
TH17
T cells
• = maintain self-tolerance by regulating immune response
Treg
T cells
• Kill intracellular parasites
• Activate apoptotic pathways on target cell
CD 8
