Leukemias Flashcards
5 types of leukocytes
-Neutrophils
-Lymphocytes
-Monocytes
-Eosinophils
-Basophils
Elevation of which 2 types of WBCs are generally responsible for benign leukocytosis
Neutrophils and lymphocytes
Mature neutrophilia marked by what morphology
All normal, segmented and matured
Mature neutrophilia typically in response to what disease-related response (2)
Bacterial infection and inflammation
Mature neutrophilia can also be in response to what non-disease related causes and how? (3)
-Stress (demarginalization, neutrophils fall off blood vessels)
-Steroid use
-Time of day (low in the AM, high in PM)
Meaning of left-shift neutrophilia? Caused most commonly by?
Presence of immature neutrophils in blood caused most commonly by infection
2 main causes of leukoerythroblastic reaction
- Severe anemia
- Very severe bone marrow infiltration
3 main causes of benign mature lymphocytosis
- Infectious lymphocytosis (children’s virus)
- Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
- Transient stress (after cardiac arrest)
Which cause of benign mature lymphocytosis can cause the most elevated lymphocyte count
Infectious lymphocytosis up to 100,000/mm^3
Rare but important cause of monocytosis
Occult (hidden) cancer
Disease that shows consistent and characteristic elevation of basophils
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Which WBC type makes up the largest percentage of total WBC?
Neutrophils (57-67%)
Which WBC type makes up the smallest percentage of total WBC?
Basophils (less than 1%)
Blast count >20% diagnostic for what
Acute leukemia. Less than 20% does not exclude leukemia
Where are most endotoxins located in bacteria?
Lipopolysaccharide outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
