Leukemia's/Lymphomas

Question 1

What treatment would be most effective for individuals diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia

Answer 1

Imatinib (Gleevac)

Question 2

this cancer is most associated with a translocation mutation on the Philadelphia chromosome

Answer 2

chronic myelogenous leukemia

Question 3

this cancer is most prevalent in pts in their mid-40’s

Answer 3

chronic myelogenous leukemia

Question 4

This cancer is often a bimodal prevalence with highest rate inflicting ppl in 20s

Answer 4

hodgkins lymphoma

Question 5

A lymph node biopsy revealing Sternberg cells would indicate which cancer

Answer 5

hodgkins lymphoma

Question 6

B-Symptoms most often seen in pts with hodgkins lymphoma include:

Answer 6

fever, night sweats, and weight loss

Question 7

How does the ann arbor staging system difer btw 2 & 3

Answer 7

same side of diaphragm vs. both sides..

Question 8

Which d/o would you associate with Bence Jones protein in urine due to renal failure

Answer 8

multiple myeloma

Question 9

What does the M protein spike on an electrophoresis indicate

Answer 9

a plasma cell disorder (multiple myeloma)

Question 10

what is the greatest risk factor for developing cancer

Answer 10

age >76% of cases over age 75

Question 11

what is the gold standard for testing for cancer

Answer 11

tissue sample

Question 12

what is the prevalence of cancer in males and females thru-out their lifespan

Answer 12

1 in every 2 males and 1 in every 3 females will get it

Question 13

what are the top 3 most common cancers in males? females?

Answer 13

males prostate, lung, and colorectal.

females-breast, lung, and colorectal

Question 14

how could a 5 year survival rate not be a true reflection of a therapy for certain cancers

Answer 14

for cancers with long life expectancies, this may not be accurate; only for aggressive are they a better indices for whether tx is successful or impactful

Question 15

how would you suspect a blastoma (which is used to imply a primitive tumor, incompletely differentiated) to be graded….

Answer 15

very aggressive (maybe T3N2M1)

Question 16

what is the most likely cause of a loss of ability to control cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis which often results in a malignant tumor

Answer 16

defect in telomerase enzyme activity (85% cases)

Question 17

If a pt were to complain about pain that is “worse at night” what is your main DDX

Answer 17

cancer

Question 18

how long would a tumor be growing if it were 1cm in size today?

Answer 18

5-8 years

Question 19

what is required for a tumor to grow?

Answer 19

new blood supply (neovascularity) hence tx being worked on to prevent the formation of this mainly due to landscape genes

Question 20

what is your leading DX if a pt were to present with nontender lymphadenopathy, pain that worsens at night and painless jaundice

Answer 20

pancreatic cancer

Question 21

what are two of the most common side effects from radiation therapy

Answer 21

myelosuppression & mucositis (mouth/throat/GI, vaginal/rectal tissues)

Question 22

what does radiation act upon?

Answer 22

undifferentiated, rapidly proliferating cells; doesn’t distinguish btw malignant and non-malignant

Question 23

what are some short term and long term side effects of RT?

Answer 23

short-burn to surfaces such as skin or mucous membranes….. long term-scarring of tissues

Question 24

this cancer is most common in kids and is very aggressive although has a high 5-yr survival rate (85%)

Answer 24

acute lymphotic leukemia

Question 25

this cancer presents in kids with gingival hyperplasia, petechial, HA, pallor,

Answer 25

acute lymphocytic leukemia

Question 26

this leukemia presents w/ a dramatic rise in WBC counts

Answer 26

ALL

Question 27

what is a lab test often ran on children with ALL that helps direct treatment to prevent fatal results

Answer 27

lumpar puncture to rule out CNS involvement b/c some chemo’s don’t cross the BBB

Question 28

what are the two steps used in tx for children with ALL

Answer 28

“Induction and Consolidation”

Question 29

this cancer is most common acute leukemia in adults and presents with an auer rod on microscopy

Answer 29

acute myelogenous leukemia

Question 30

this cancer is most often affected by tumor lysis syndrome upon chemotherapy tx… (hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hhyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia)

Answer 30

AML

Question 31

describe myelodysplasia syndromes

Answer 31

often present with cytopenia due to failure of bmarrow, also pts are more prone to developing leukemias

Question 32

how would u tx tumor lysis syndrome or prevent it rather

Answer 32

allopurinol-lower uric acid levels

sodium bicarb to alkanize urine and hydration with IV to rid kidneys of toxins

Question 33

this cancer is most often associated with a previous EB viral infection

Answer 33

hodgkins disease

Question 34

which type of cell line is most affected in non-hodgkins disease

Answer 34

Bcell

Question 35

which disease is a tcell lymphoma of the skin

Answer 35

mycosis fungoides

Question 36

this cancer appears like a “starry night” on a microscopy and is the most rapidly progressive tumor most commonly in children

Answer 36

burkitt’s lymphoma

Question 37

this disorder is most often associated with bone pain due to lytic lesions from proliferation of tumor cels that activate osteoblasts

Answer 37

multiple myeloma

Question 38

this treatment is used for multiple myeloma

Answer 38

thalidomide/lenalidomide (Revlimid)

Question 39

waldenstrom’s macroblogulinemia is what type of cancer

Answer 39

multiple myeloma marked wiwth hyperviscosity & cryoglobulinemia

Question 40

**lower range M spike; this is an asx premalignant disorder characterized by limited monoclonal plasma cell proliferation in bm with absence of organ damage

Answer 40

monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significane (MGUS)