leukemia and lymphoma Flashcards
prevalence of acute in leukemia in children vs adults
30% of childhood cancers
2.3% of adult cancers
define leukemia
neoplastic disease, abnormal proliferation of WBCs
name the 4 types of leukemia (that we need to know)
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia
chronic myelogenour leukemia
difference between acute and chronic leukemia
acute is associated with proliferation of immature precursors in blood and marrow, chronic is associated with mature precursors
which genetic conditions predispose you to leukemia
down syndrome, neurofibromatosis, BMF syndromes
what environmental/iatrogenic factors predispose you to leukemia?
ionizing radiation, occupational exposure (benzene), prior radiation therapy, prior malignancy
in acute leukemia, what is the outcome of malignancy in immature precursors/ early hematopoietic precursors?
cell progeny does not differentiate/mature but proliferates uncontrollably. These “blasts” overtake the bone marrow, peripheral blood stream, lymph nodes
what is a typical WBC count with leukemia
varies widely
50% have normal-mild elevation
25% very high
25% decreased
what does a bone marrow biopsy show in leukemia
hypercellular marrow marrow fibrosis (AML)
when do you order a lumbar puncture?
with ALL always
if there are neurologic symptoms in a patient with AML
what disease presents with a mediastinal mass? (50%)
T-cell ALL
What is the characteristic histology finding with AML?
Auer rods (found in 30% of patients)
How long is induction with AML
10 days
What is the most common form of cancer in children
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
associates symptoms common with ALL
splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, bone pain
How long is induction with ALL
4 weeks
what is the management of ALL after induction?
post-remission consolidation for 6-8 weeks maintenance doses daily or weekly for 2-3 years CNS prophylaxis (intrathecal chemo)
What disease is associated with the Philadelphia Chromosome
Characteristic finding of CML, but also seen in ALL- means worse prognosis- lower remission rates