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Hematology > Leukemia And Lymphoma > Flashcards

Leukemia And Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

N. What’s the most common malignant disease in children?

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

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2
Q

N. BCR-ABL gene fusion is mostly involved in……..leukemia

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

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3
Q

N. Name the cell type that is predominantly present in acute leukemia?

A

Early hemopoietic progenitor cells

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4
Q

N. What are the steps in diagnosis acute lymphocytic leukemia?

A

Blood film, imunnophemotyping, genetic analysis

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5
Q

N. In acute lymphocytic leukemia, if the chromosomes abnormalities was ( less than 46 chromosomes = hypodiploidy, or there’s BCR-ABL ( Philadelphia t 9:22) . We know the prognosis is…..

A

Poor

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6
Q

N. Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia consists of 3 steps. Name them?

A

Remission induction: initial chemotherapy that kills most of the tumors cells /
Consolidation : blocks of intensive chemotherapy to kill the rest of cancer cells /
Maintenance : less intensive treatment is given for 1-2 years taken as tablet or injection

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7
Q

N. What are the most important drugs used for treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia? 4

A

Steroids (to kill lymphoblasts) / vincristine (affect microtubules) / daunorobicine ( chemotherapy) / Asparaginase (⬇️ aminoacids

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8
Q

N. Other drugs used in acute lymphocytic leukemia are….? 3

A

Cytosine arabinoside ( analogue) / CNS chemotherapy: by high dose IV or directly by intrathecal chemotherapy / bone marrow transplantation

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9
Q

N. acute myeloid leukemia affects all ages, it may develop from pre malignant condition & genetic analysis is very important. True or false.

A

True

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10
Q

N. What’s the most common concern/complication of acute promyelocytic leukemia?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC )

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11
Q

N. Acute promyelocytic leukemia is caused by t …. : ….. translocation

A

t 15:17 translocation

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12
Q

N. What’s the name of the drug used in acute promyelocytic leukemia in conjunction with chemotherapy?

A

All- trans retinoic acid ( ATRA )

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13
Q

N. Cure rates for A.L.L in children is 85% while AML is only 50% in children and <8% in adults >65 years. True or false.

A

True

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14
Q

N. …….is common site for relapse in acute lymphocytic leukemia.

A

CNS

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15
Q

N. Chronic lymphoid leukemia develops from accumulation of a clone of …..cells in the bone marrow, blood, lymph nodes which is used for diagnosis

A

B cells ( which have phenotype CD5+ CD23+ )

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16
Q

N. Most of chronic lymphoid leukemia cases are discovered in routine check up and therefore the treatment in mild cases is watch and wait. True or false?

A

True

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17
Q

N. What’s the standard treatment in chronic lymphoid leukemia after the watch and wait phase?

A

Antibody against B cells ( CD20 ) with chemotherapy ( usually 6 courses are given )

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18
Q

N. What’s the MOA for the new tablet used to treat chronic lymphoid leukemia?

A

Blocks B cell receptors signaling through inhibition of BTK or PI3K delta

19
Q

N. In treating chronic myeloid leukemia the ptn is giving a tablet that acts only on CML tumor cells by inhibiting the bcr-abl kinase protein. What is the tablet called ?

A

Imatinib

20
Q

N. In ptn with CML resistant to imatinib tablet, what’s the new other alternative drug?

A

Tyrosin kinase inhibitors

21
Q

N. Ebstian bar virus ( EBV is ) ass with ………… lymphoma

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

22
Q

N. What’s the characteristic feature that is found in biopsy for Hodgkin lymphoma ptn?

A

Reed-Sternberg ( RS ) cells ( they have bilobed nuclei and derived from B cell and express CD15, CD30 )

23
Q

N. What’s the standard chemotherapy regimen used in Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

ABVD ( adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine )

24
Q

N. In diagnosis of lymphoma we use biopsy with PET scan that involves injection of ……..glucose

A

Flurodeoxyglucose (FDA )

25
Q

N. Hodgkin lymphoma has a good outcome, true or false?

A

True

26
Q

N. What are the treatments used in relapse Hodgkin lymphoma? 4

A

Different chemotherapy, autologous or allogenic stem cell transplant , antibodies to block PD-L1 , antibodies against CD30

27
Q

N. 85% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are derived from…..cells and the rest from…..cells.

A

B cells, T Cells

28
Q

N. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is increasing in incidence and might be triggered by ……

A

Infection

29
Q

N. In non Hodgkin lymphoma when we say the disease has high grade it means that it’s ……. But curable. While when we say low grade it means it’s slow but……..

A

High grade = aggressive but curable / low grade = slow but hard to cure

30
Q

N. What are the steps in diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Biopsy/ immunohistochemistry / cytogenetic & mutation analysis ( t 14:18 = follicular lymphoma / while MYD88 = lymphoblastic lymphoma) / CT, PET scans

31
Q

N. The most important subtype of high grade nHL is ……. Large B cell

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma ( DLBCL )

32
Q

N. The treatment for high grade nHL is ……….with chemotherapy

A

Antibody against CD20 ( eg,. R-chop )

33
Q

N. In high grade nHL the survival rate is……%

A

65%

34
Q

N. Follicular ( low grade ) lymphoma Carrie’s t … : …. Translocation leading to over expression of bcl-2 and its usually more common in ….people

A

t 14:18 , old people

35
Q

N. Treatment of Follicular lymphoma is complicated therefore it’s only given to symptomatic ptn. The chemotherapy used is ………?

A

R-bendamustinevor or R-CVP

36
Q

What are the types of nHL?

A

Low grade = Follicular, high grade = diffuse large B cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma

37
Q

N. BTK inhibitors play and important role of treating ………..cell lymphoma and ………lymphocytic leukemia

A

Mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia

38
Q

N. Name the subtype of nHL that affects lymph nodes and bone marrow ?

A

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

39
Q

N. The MYD88 gene is mutated in most cases of ………..lymphoma

A

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

40
Q

N. The characteristic feature in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is the production of Ig…. ParaProtein

A

IgM protein ( it causes hyperviscosity )

41
Q

N. What’s the other name of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma?

A

Waldenstorm’s macroglobulinemia

42
Q

N. Burkitt lymphoma is an aggressive lymphoma which is ass. With malarial infection and ……virus infection and HIV

A

EBV

43
Q

N. Burkitt lymphoma is common among……… and needs urgent aggressive chemotherapy

A

African children

Hematology (6 decks)

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