Leukaemia and Lymphoma

Question 1

Percentage of blasts in BM in acute leukaemia

Answer 1

> 20%

Question 2

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia epidemiology

Answer 2

Children (especially B cell ALL)

T cell ALL - Teenagers, Thymus

Question 3

Acute myeloid leukaemia epidemiology

Answer 3

Adulthood and under-2s

Question 4

Auer rods

Answer 4

AML

Question 5

Key B-ALL chromosomal translocation in children

Answer 5

t(12;21)

Question 6

t(15;17), prone to DIC

Answer 6

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia

AML subtype - lots of myeloperoxidase and thus Auer rods, highly coagulable

Question 7

Specific treatment for acute promyelocytic leukaemia

Answer 7

ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid)

Question 8

AML, gum infiltration

Answer 8

Acute monocytic leukaemia

Question 9

Chronic myeloid leukaemia epidemiology

Answer 9

Ages 40-60

Question 10

Chromosomal translocation in 95% of CML

Answer 10

t(9;22) - Philadelphia chromosome

Ph+ - PCR for BCR-ABL fusion gene

Question 11

CML treatment

Answer 11

Suppress WCC:
Oral hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide
Interferon

Targeted:
Imatinib - turns off constitutively active Bcl-Abl tyrosine kinase fusion protein in Ph+ patients (also dasatinib and nilotinib)

Question 12

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia epidemiology

Answer 12

Elderly

Question 13

CLL blood film

Answer 13

Smear cells (SMEAR CLLs)

Question 14

Mutation found in patients with polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis

Answer 14

JAK2 V617F

Question 15

Cell identifiable on blood film associated with primary myelofibrosis

Answer 15

Dacrocyte/teardrop cell