Leukaemia Flashcards
Where in the haematological system are leukaemias found?
Bone Marrow
What are the risk factors to leukaemias?
Radiation
Chemo
Down’s
What are the 4 chromosmal abnormalities>
Translocation
Deletion
Duplication
Point Mutations
What are the two types of acute leukaemia?
Acute myeloid leukaemia
Acute Lymphoid Leukaemia
How can AML and ALL be differentiated?
Immunophenotyping and karyotyping
In wat age group is ALL more comon in?
Children
In which age group is AML more common>
Adults
What are the main features of ALL?
Bone marrow failure
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
Testicular Inflitration
How does AML present?
Bone Marrow failure
Bleeding tendency
Skin and CNS inflitration
How are Acute leukaemias treated?
Supportive treament to symptoms
Chemo therapy
Who is typically affected by CLL?
Elderly men
How does CL usually present?
Indicental FBC
What are the types of CLL and which is more common?
B cell - 95%
T cell
What two features will be found in cytology of CLL?
Lymphocytosis and smear cells
How is CLL treated?
can be ‘watched and waited’
supportive therapy
Cholorambucil (chemo)
Bone marrow transplant
What cells are over proliferative in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?
Granulocytes
What genetic mutation is present in CML?
Philadephia Chromosome (translocation of chom. 9-222)
What do patients present with in CML?
massive splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
How would you investigate CML?
FBC for granulocytosis
genetic screen for philadelphia chromosome
How is CML treated?
Imatinib
what is imatinib? How does imatinib work?
it is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor
