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Human Disease > Leukaemia > Flashcards

Leukaemia Flashcards

0
Q

What are the feature of leukaemia?

A 
Anaemia
Bleeding
Susceptible to infection 
Lymphadenopathy 
Hepatosplenomegaly
Skin and CNS infiltrate
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1
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

Clonal proliferation of malignant blood cells from haemopoetic stem cells in the bone marrow this leads to suppression if normal hameopoesis

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2
Q

What are the two groups of cases for leukaemia? And give examples

A

Genetic
Chromosome fragility
Down’s syndrome

Environmental
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Benzene

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3
Q

How can we classify leukaemia?

A

Depending on speed of evolution: acute or chronic

Depending on cell type: myeloid or lymphoid

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4
Q

What are acute leukaemias proliferation of?

A

Primitive immature blast cells

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5
Q

T/F

Acute leukaemias progress slowly

A

F

Rapid progression and onset

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6
Q

T/F

Chronic leukaemias derive from mature precursors and slowly progressive?

A

T

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7
Q

What ae the two types if acute leukaemia?

A

Acute myeloblastic (AML) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)

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8
Q

What are the two types if chronic leukaemia?

A

Chronic myeloid (CML) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (CLL)

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9
Q

T/F

AML is more common in adults

A

T

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10
Q

T/F

AML may be de novo it 2nd to other haematological diseases

A

T

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11
Q

What investigations do you do in AML?

A

FBC: Low Hb and platelet count
Bone marrow: more than 20% of nucleated blasts cells
Flow cytometry: CD13 and CD 33

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12
Q

What is the treatment optima for AML?

A

IV chemo

3-4 week cycles

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13
Q

In what she group is the prognosis best for AML?

A

Less than 60

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14
Q

Which age group is ALL seen in?

A

2-10

Childhood

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15
Q

What are the features of AML?

A

Lymphadenopathy
CNS involvement
Hepatosplenomegaly

16
Q

What investigations do you do in AML?

A

Lumbar puncture to assess CNS involvemt

Flow cytometry CD10/CD19/ T cell

17
Q

What are the features ofCML?

A 
Raised WBC
Anaemia
Weight loss
Swearing
Bone pain
18
Q

What age group is CML seen in?

A

Middle Ages

19
Q

Which chromosome is associated with CML and where else is it seen?

A

Philidelphia csome and ALL

20
Q

What is the treatment for CML?

A

Bike marrow transplant if under 50

21
Q

What are the feature of CLL?

A 
Lymphocytosis
Lymphadenopathy 
Splenomegaly
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia 
Infections
22
Q

When do you treat CLL

A

When there is bone marrow failure

Treat with chemo

Human Disease (5 decks)

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