Leukaemia Flashcards
What are the feature of leukaemia?
Anaemia Bleeding Susceptible to infection Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly Skin and CNS infiltrate
What is leukaemia?
Clonal proliferation of malignant blood cells from haemopoetic stem cells in the bone marrow this leads to suppression if normal hameopoesis
What are the two groups of cases for leukaemia? And give examples
Genetic
Chromosome fragility
Down’s syndrome
Environmental
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Benzene
How can we classify leukaemia?
Depending on speed of evolution: acute or chronic
Depending on cell type: myeloid or lymphoid
What are acute leukaemias proliferation of?
Primitive immature blast cells
T/F
Acute leukaemias progress slowly
F
Rapid progression and onset
T/F
Chronic leukaemias derive from mature precursors and slowly progressive?
T
What ae the two types if acute leukaemia?
Acute myeloblastic (AML) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
What are the two types if chronic leukaemia?
Chronic myeloid (CML) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (CLL)
T/F
AML is more common in adults
T
T/F
AML may be de novo it 2nd to other haematological diseases
T
What investigations do you do in AML?
FBC: Low Hb and platelet count
Bone marrow: more than 20% of nucleated blasts cells
Flow cytometry: CD13 and CD 33
What is the treatment optima for AML?
IV chemo
3-4 week cycles
In what she group is the prognosis best for AML?
Less than 60
Which age group is ALL seen in?
2-10
Childhood
What are the features of AML?
Lymphadenopathy
CNS involvement
Hepatosplenomegaly
What investigations do you do in AML?
Lumbar puncture to assess CNS involvemt
Flow cytometry CD10/CD19/ T cell
What are the features ofCML?
Raised WBC Anaemia Weight loss Swearing Bone pain
What age group is CML seen in?
Middle Ages
Which chromosome is associated with CML and where else is it seen?
Philidelphia csome and ALL
What is the treatment for CML?
Bike marrow transplant if under 50
What are the feature of CLL?
Lymphocytosis Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly Anaemia Thrombocytopenia Infections
When do you treat CLL
When there is bone marrow failure
Treat with chemo
