leukaemia

Question 1

Describe the features of chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Answer 1

• mainly affects people over 60
  -proliferation of B lymphocytes
  -most common type of leukaemia in adults

Question 2

Describe the symptoms of chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Answer 2

• Usually asymptomatic
• may present with night sweats and weight loss
• may present ith lymphadenopathy

Question 3

Describe the diagnosis of chronic lymphoblastic leukaemias

Answer 3

• FBC, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis
  Blood film showing smudge cells
  bone marrow biopsy

Question 4

Describe the treatment of chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Answer 4

• watch and wait in the early stages
• chemotherapy in later stages, using rituximab
  stem cell/ bone marrow transplant

Question 5

Describe the features of acute myeloblastic leukaemia

Answer 5

• presents mostly in the elderly
• 15% 5 year survival rate
  -the proliferation of mature myeloblasts

Question 6

Describe the symptoms of acute myeloblastic leukaemia.

Answer 6

• anaemia
  -weight loss
  infections
  -bleeding and bruising
  -hepatosplenomegaly
  -gum hypertrophy

Question 7

Describe the diagnosis for acute myeloblastic leukaemia.

Answer 7

FBC- anaemia, thrombocytopenia
Blood film
bone marrow biopsy showing auer rods

Question 8

Describe the treatment for acute myeloblastic leukaemia.

Answer 8

Blood and platelet transfusions
bone marrow and stem cell transplants
chemotherapy
antibiotics

Question 9

Describe the features of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Answer 9

-Proliferation of immature lymphoblasts
-most common leukaemia in 0-4 year olds

Question 10

Describe the symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Answer 10

• If the leukaemia has infiltrated the brain, then the child may experience headaches and cranial nerve palsies
• anaemia
  -lymphadenopathy
  -splenomegaly
  -bruising and bleeding
  -infections

Question 11

Describe the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Answer 11

FBC- anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
CT and Xray showing lymphadenopathy
blood film
bone marrow biopsy

Question 12

Describe the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Answer 12

• Steroids
  -antibiotics
  -chemotherapy- methotrexate
• blood and platelet transfusions
  -bone marrow and stem cell transplants

Question 13

Describe the features of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Answer 13

-the proliferation of myeloid blood cells
-usually, people over 40
-closely associated with Philadelphia chromosome

Question 14

Describe the symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Answer 14

• Gout
  -hepatosplenomegaly
  -night sweats
  -weight loss
  -infections
• bleeding and bruising

Question 15

Describe the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia

Answer 15

-genetic testing
-FBC- anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
-blood film
- bone marrow biopsy

Question 16

Describe the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Answer 16

tyrosine kinase inhibitors 400 mg/ daily
chemotherapy
stem cell and bone marrow transfusions