Leukaemia

Question 1

ALL

Answer 1

ALL (“lots”) most common leukaemia in childhood.

Marrow replacement with immature blasts –> into circulation.

• Deep bone pain
• Marrow failure:
  –> Anaemia
  –> Thrombocytopaenia (+bruise/bleed)
  –> Neutropaenia (+infection)
  –> All ED presentations relate to the above
• WCC may be low, normal or high –> risk of hyperleukocyotosis/ viscosity

75-80% cureable
Boys worse, longer chemo

Question 2

AML (ANLL)

Answer 2

Differentiated from ALL:

• Less common
• Extramedullary features
  –> Gingival hyperplasia
  –> Chloromas (eye)
  –> ““Blueberry muffin” rash
• Hyperleukocytosis/ viscosity more common.