Lets React - Chem

Question 1

Three subtomic particles

Answer 1

Proton = Positive charge
Neutron = Neutral charge (no charge)
Electron = Negative charge

Question 2

Structure of an atom

Answer 2

Proton and Neutron = Nucleus
Electrons = Outside the nucelus - electron shells

Question 3

What is the atomic number

Answer 3

Total number of protons (and electrons)

Question 4

How to calculate mass number

Answer 4

Protons + Neutrons

Question 5

What is an elctron shell

Answer 5

The orbit that electrons are found on

Question 6

What’s an atom

Answer 6

The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist

Question 6

What is in the nucleus

Answer 6

Contains protons and neutrons

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

= protons = electrons

Question 8

Mass number of calcium (atomic number = 20, neutrons = 20)

Answer 8

20 + 20 = 40
Mass number is 40

Question 9

Maximum of number of electrons per shell

Answer 9

2,8,8,2

Question 10

How to identify elements by their electronic figuration

Answer 10

Add up all the numbers which is equal to the atomic number.
For example, 2,8,1 added together = 11
The element with the atomic number is 11 therefore meaning it is SODIUM

Question 11

Flame test and the colours of metal ion

Answer 11

Each metal ion emits a unique colour when heated due to the energy absorbed by the electrons in the metal atoms. When the electrons return to their ground state from an excited state, they release energy in the form of light. The wavelength of this light corresponds to specific colors in the visible spectrum

Lithium: A bright red flame
Sodium: Intense yellow flame
Copper: Blue-green flame.

Question 12

Why is the outer shell of electrons important

Answer 12

Because they determine the stability of the element, if in the valence shell, there are 7 electrons in the valance shell it will be highly unstable. But when the valance shell is full it is stable and unreactive

Question 13

Relate the number of valence electrons to the group number on the periodic table

Answer 13

Depending on the number of the group determines the amount of electrons in the valence shell, for example, sodium is in group 1, so it has 1 electron in the valance shell

Question 14

What is an Ion

Answer 14

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive or negative electrical charge.

Question 15

What is a Cation

Answer 15

A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. Losingelectrons means it becomes more negative. (caTion: T (plus) for positive)

Question 16

What is an anion

Answer 16

An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. Gaining electrons means it becomes more negative. (aNioN: N for negative)

Question 17

Why do atoms form ions

Answer 17

Atoms form ions to achieve a more stable electron configuration and attain a full outer shell of electrons. This stability is typically achieved by either gaining or losing electrons to match the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.

Question 18

What type of elements form anions and cations

Answer 18

Anions - Typically nonmetals
Cations - Typically metals

Question 19

Explain how bonds form between ions

Answer 19

Atoms gain or lose electrons to become ions

Positively charged ions (cations) are attracted to negatively charged ions (anions) due to their opposite charges.

When many cations and anions come together, they form an ionic compound.

Question 20

State the law of conservation of mass

Answer 20

Mass cant be destroyed or created so when a chemical reaction takes place, there will be an equal amount of products and reactants

Question 21

Describe how to do an experiment to show the Law of conservation of mass

Answer 21

By comparing the masses of the reactants and products before and after the reaction, you can demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Question 22

How can you tell if a chemical reaction has occured

Answer 22

Change in smell
Change in temperature
Smoke or gas has been released
Change in colour

Question 23

What are the reactants and products (where are they)

Answer 23

Reactants are at the start of the equation and products are at the end

Question 24

Describe the difference between a physical and a chemical change.

Answer 24

Physical changes
A change in the form, state, or appearance of matter that does not alter its chemical composition.

Chemical change
A chemical change is a change in which one or more substances are transformed into new substances with different chemical compositions and properties.

Question 25

What is the rate of reaction

Answer 25

The rate of a chemical reaction refers to how quickly or slowly reactants are converted into products during a chemical reaction.

Question 26

List the factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 26

Temperature, Catalysts, Surface area, Concentration

Question 27

Tempeature (in terms of factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction)

Answer 27

Increasing the temperature generally increases the rate of reaction as it provides more energy to reactant molecules, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions.

Question 28

Catalysts (in terms of factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction)

Answer 28

Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. They do not participate in the reaction themselves and can be reused.

Question 29

Surface area (in terms of factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction)

Answer 29

For reactions involving solids, increasing the surface area of solid reactants by breaking them into smaller pieces or increasing their surface area exposes more reactant particles to collisions, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 30

Concentration (in terms of factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction)

Answer 30

If the concentration of reactants is increased, there are more reactant particles moving together