lets get drunk

Question 1

what is the definition of alcohol

Answer 1

organic liquid with hydroxyl OH group

Question 2

where can methanol be found?

Answer 2

home brewed alcohol

Question 3

what are the chemical processes of methanol

Answer 3

metabolised to formaldehyde (by alcohol dehydrogenase) and then formic acid (by aldehyde dehydrogenase)

Question 4

does methanol have depressant properties

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

why does ethanol treat methanol toxicity?

Answer 5

ethanol is a competitive inhibitor which acts on acetyl dehydrogenase - therefore ethanol competes with formaldehyde acetate is produced instead of formic acid

Question 6

what is the drinking recommendation for alcohol

Answer 6

14 units but dont consume in 3 continuous days

Question 7

why shouldnt you drink on an empty stomach?

Answer 7

alcohol is mainly absorbed in the small intestines, if it is in the stomach for longer it is metabolised more

Question 8

what can increase gastric emptying and increase absorption

Answer 8

antihistamines and metoclopramide

Question 9

what can iritate gastrric mucosa and delay emptying

Answer 9

spirits

Question 10

which kind of drinks are absorbed faster

Answer 10

aerated drinks

Question 11

what are some symptoms of alcohol poisoning

Answer 11

blindess and renal failure

Question 12

what is the quickest absorption on an empty stomach?

Answer 12

20-30%

Question 13

why do females get drunker quicker?

Answer 13

• females have higher subcut fat % (they dont have a higher BMI)
• males have more lean mass and a higher blood volume, even for the sae weight
• women have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 14

what is the pathway for alcohol metabolism

Answer 14

alcohol - alcohol dehydrogenase
acetaldehyde - aldehyde dehydrogenase
acetate
CO2 and H2O

Question 15

at which speed is alcohol removed from the blood?

Answer 15

15mg/100ml/unit/hour

Question 16

how does alcohol concentration peak and trough

Answer 16

peaks at 60mins

then decerases linerary

Question 17

which ethnic minorities have low or absent levels of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 17

aboriginies inunits, eskimos, japanese

Question 18

what are the symptoms of alow levels of alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 18

flushing, warm face, sick

Question 19

what does antabuse do?

Answer 19

inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (making drinking unpleasent)

Question 20

which paths are activated by heavy drinking

Answer 20

MEOS, catalase and induction of CP450

Question 21

what does MEOS do

Answer 21

produces hydrogen ions so switch to anaerobic metabolism (more likely to produce lactic acid / less glucose) and leads to hepatic gluconeogenesis = hungry

Question 22

what is alcoholic ketoacidosis?

Answer 22

associated with malnourished state
excess NADH
low/normal glucose and HIGH ketones

Question 23

does alcohol increase or decrease GABBA?

Answer 23

increases - inhibits neurotransmittors more

Question 24

what controls talkativeness

Answer 24

cortex

Question 25

what controls muscular coordination and speech

Answer 25

cerebellum

Question 26

what controls conciousness

Answer 26

upper brain stem

Question 27

what does ADH Do

Answer 27

promotes water reabsorptin within distal tubule - causes concentrated urine

Question 28

does alcohol inhibit or promote ADH

Answer 28

directly inhibits

Question 29

is alcohol a positive or negative inotrope

Answer 29

negative - heart beats faster to maintain same cardiac output

Question 30

what is holiday heart syndrome

Answer 30

binge dirnking leads to SVT with spontaneous resolution

Question 31

what causes headaches (veisalgia cephagia)

Answer 31

tannins