Let's React (good one) Flashcards
What is the structure of an atom?
Nucleus made up of protons and neutrons; the electrons make up the surrounding area.
What is meant by a neutral atom?
Equal number of protons and electrons.
What are the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral), and Electrons (negative).
How are electrons arranged in atoms?
They are arranged in shells (energy levels) surrounding the nucleus. The first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the second can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, the third shell holds 8 electrons, and the fourth shell holds 2 electrons.
How are ions formed?
When atoms lose or gain electrons.
Why are the outer shell electrons important?
The number of electrons in the outer shell determines its reactivity. If the outer shell is full, the atom is stable; if it isn’t, it is unstable and reactive.
What’s the difference between cations and anions?
Cations: lost an electron and have more protons than electrons, resulting in a positive charge.
Anions: gained an electron and have more electrons than protons, resulting in a negative charge.
Why do metals form cations and nonmetals form anions?
Metals lose electrons to become positively charged cations. Nonmetals gain electrons to become negatively charged anions.
How do bonds form between ions?
When a metal cation and a non-metal anion react together in a chemical reaction, an ionic bond is formed.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
During a chemical reaction, matter cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the difference between physical and chemical change?
A physical change in a substance doesn’t change what the substance is. In a chemical change, a new substance is formed and energy is either given off or absorbed.
How to indicate a chemical change?
Color Change, Temperature Change, Gas Production, Formation of a Precipitate, Odor Change.
What is a reactant and what is a product in a chemical reaction?
Reactants - the substances that react with each other to make the Product (the final substance/s after the reaction is completed).
Define the term ‘rate’ when describing chemical reactions.
The speed at which a chemical reaction takes place.
What are the factors that affect the rate of a reaction?
Temperature, concentration of solution/pressure of gas, surface area, presence of a catalyst.
