Lessons 6-1 and 6-2

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

Question 2

Fossil

Answer 2

The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past

Question 3

What was the Beagle?

Answer 3

The ship that Charles Darwin travled on

Question 4

Where did Darwin explore?

Answer 4

The Galapagos Islands

Question 5

What was Charles Darwin?

Answer 5

A naturalist

Question 6

What did Charles Darwin compare?

Answer 6

Galapagos Islands organisms to organisms elsewhere

Question 7

Adaptation

Answer 7

A trait that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce

Question 8

Evolution

Answer 8

The process of change over time

Question 9

What was Darwin’s Hypothesis?

Answer 9

Darwin hypothesized that species change over many generations and become better adapted to new conditions

Question 10

What were Darwin’s ideas often reffered to as?

Answer 10

The theory of evolution

Question 11

Scientific Theory

Answer 11

A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations

Question 12

What did Darwin conclude about organisms on the Galapagos

Answer 12

That they had changed overtime

Question 13

Artificial Selection

Answer 13

When only the organisms with a desired characteristic are bred

Question 14

How are artificial and natural selection different?

Answer 14

Artificial Selection is done by human descicion and natural selection is done in nature, naturally

Question 15

What are the three factors that affect the process of natural selection?

Answer 15

Overproduction, variation, and competition

Question 16

What was the book that Darwin wrote?

Answer 16

The Origin of Species

Question 17

Overproduction

Answer 17

In many species, so many offspring are produced that there are not enough recources - food, water, and living space - for all of them

Question 18

Variation

Answer 18

Any difference between individuals of the same species

Question 19

Competition

Answer 19

Since food, space, and other recources are limited, the members of a species must compete with one another to survive

Question 20

Environmental Change

Answer 20

A change in the environment can affect an organisms ability to survive and therefore lead to natural selection

Question 21

How are variations passed on?

Answer 21

Variations can result from changes in genes and the shuffling of different forms of genes when egg and sperm join

Question 22

What evidence supports evolution?

Answer 22

Fossils, similar body structures, patterns in early development, and similarites in DNA and protein structures

Question 23

How do fossils support evolution?

Answer 23

By examining fossils scientists can infer the structures of ancient organisms. Fossils show that, in many cases, organisms that lived in the past are very different from organisms alive today.

Question 24

How do similarities in body structure support evolution?

Answer 24

Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals all have an internal skeleton with a backbone. This similarity provides evidence that these animal groups all evolve from a common ancestor.

Question 25

What is a homologous structure?

Answer 25

Similar structures that related species have inherited from a commen anscestor

Question 26

How do similarities in DNA and protein structure support evolution?

Answer 26

Scientists compare the sequence of nitrogen bases in the DNA of different species to infer how closely related the two species are. The more similar the DNA sequences, the more closely related species are.