Lessons 5/6

Question 0

Glucose

Answer 0

Am aldohexose
Aka dextrose, grape sugar, blood sugar
Broken down directly in the body via glycolysis to release energy

Question 1

Galactose

Answer 1

An aldohexose
Part of milk sugar
Must be converted to glucose before being broken down for energy

Question 2

Fructose

Answer 2

A ketohexose
Aka fruit sugar or levulose
C=B on C2 gives 5membered hemiketal structure in cyclic form

Question 3

Monosaccharides combine through ____ groups with loss of water in a _____________ reaction

Answer 3

OH groups, condensation

Question 4

Lactose

Answer 4

Milk sugar

Made from glucose and galactose

Question 5

Action of lactase reforms the monosaccharides through a ________ reaction

Answer 5

Hydrolysis

Question 6

Sucrose

Answer 6

Disaccharide
Aka cane sugar or table sugar
Major simple carbohydrates in plants

Question 7

Starch

Answer 7

Composed of amylose and amylopectin

Question 8

Cellulose

Answer 8

From animals: glycogen
B1~>4
Linear

Question 9

Amylose

Answer 9

A1~>4

Linear

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

Storage molecules in animals

Structure like amylopectin but branches shorter and more frequent

Question 11

Amylopectin

Answer 11

A branched version of amylose

A1~>6

Question 12

Reducing sugar

Answer 12

Anomeric carbon on opposite sides

Question 13

Non reducing sugar

Answer 13

Anomeric carbon are in the link

Question 14

In Benedict’s test, aldehydes are oxidized causing the reduction of?

Answer 14

Cu 2+ ions

Question 15

What gives a positive test in Benedict’s test?

Answer 15

Reducing sugar

Question 16

Chylomicrons

Answer 16

Lowest density

Take TGs from gut to tissues

Question 17

VLDL

Answer 17

Very low density

Synthesized TGs from liver to Other tissues

Question 18

LDL

Answer 18

Can cause heart disease

Question 19

HDL

Answer 19

Good cholesterol

Question 20

Components of membrane

Answer 20

Phospholipids proteins carbohydrates

Question 21

Diffusion

Answer 21

High to low passive

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

Diffusion of solvent across a semipermeable membrane

Question 23

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

Needs a carrier to carry bigger molecules

Question 24

Active transport

Answer 24

Needs energy to move against gradient

Question 25

Hypotonic

Answer 25

Swell burst water rushes in

Question 26

Hypertonic

Answer 26

Cell shrivels and water rushes out