Lessons 5/6 Flashcards
Glucose
Am aldohexose
Aka dextrose, grape sugar, blood sugar
Broken down directly in the body via glycolysis to release energy
Galactose
An aldohexose
Part of milk sugar
Must be converted to glucose before being broken down for energy
Fructose
A ketohexose
Aka fruit sugar or levulose
C=B on C2 gives 5membered hemiketal structure in cyclic form
Monosaccharides combine through ____ groups with loss of water in a _____________ reaction
OH groups, condensation
Lactose
Milk sugar
Made from glucose and galactose
Action of lactase reforms the monosaccharides through a ________ reaction
Hydrolysis
Sucrose
Disaccharide
Aka cane sugar or table sugar
Major simple carbohydrates in plants
Starch
Composed of amylose and amylopectin
Cellulose
From animals: glycogen
B1~>4
Linear
Amylose
A1~>4
Linear
Glycogen
Storage molecules in animals
Structure like amylopectin but branches shorter and more frequent
Amylopectin
A branched version of amylose
A1~>6
Reducing sugar
Anomeric carbon on opposite sides
Non reducing sugar
Anomeric carbon are in the link
In Benedict’s test, aldehydes are oxidized causing the reduction of?
Cu 2+ ions
What gives a positive test in Benedict’s test?
Reducing sugar
Chylomicrons
Lowest density
Take TGs from gut to tissues
VLDL
Very low density
Synthesized TGs from liver to Other tissues
LDL
Can cause heart disease
HDL
Good cholesterol
Components of membrane
Phospholipids proteins carbohydrates
Diffusion
High to low passive
Osmosis
Diffusion of solvent across a semipermeable membrane
Facilitated diffusion
Needs a carrier to carry bigger molecules
Active transport
Needs energy to move against gradient
Hypotonic
Swell burst water rushes in
Hypertonic
Cell shrivels and water rushes out
