Lessons 4 - Clinical Lab Info Flashcards
An act regulating the operation and maintenance of clinical laboratories and requiring the registration of the same with the department of health, providing penalty for the violation thereof, and for other purposes. Approved on?
Republic Act No. 4688
June 18, 1966
Natures of the Clinical Laboratory.
According to function
According to institutional characteristics
According to ownership
According to service capability
Rules & Regulation Governing the Establishment, Operation & Maintenance of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines
Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001
Clinical Laboratory
Place where specimens collected from individuals are processed, analyzed, preserved, and properly disposed.
Define the natures of clinical laboratory according to ownership.
Privately-Owned - clinical laboratories are owned, established, and operated by an individual, corporation, institution, association, or organization.
Government-Owned - clinical laboratories are owned, wholly or partially, by national or local government units.
Define LIMS.
Laboratory information management system is a comprehensive software tool used for centralizing laboratory’s operational workflows and is sample-centric rather than patient-centric.
Nature of the clinical laboratory according to institutional characteristcs.
Institution-Based - clinical laboratory that operates within the premises or part of an institution.
Free-standing - clinical laboratory is not part of unestablished institution.
Automation
Process whereby an analytical instrument performs many tests with only minimal involvement of an analyst or laboratory scientist applied in clinical chemistry.
The first fully automated laboratory was implemented in ____________________ by _________________ (automation pioneer).
Kochi Medical School, Masahide Sasaki
Define LIS.
Laboratory Information System is patient-based. It stores and manages patients’ data and their test results. A LIS system includes patient-centric features.
Nature of the clinical laboratory according to function.
Clinical Pathology - clinical laboratory that focuses on the areas of clinical chemistry, immunohematology and blood banking, medical microbiology, immunology and serology, hematology, parasitology, clinical microscopy, toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring, and endocrinology, among others.
Anatomic Pathology - clinical laboratory that focuses on the areas of histopathology, immunohistopathology, cytology, autopsy, and forensic pathology among others.
Minimum working space requirement for primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Category space in sq. m.
Primary 10
Secondary 20
Tertiary 60
Section of clinical laboratory subdivided into four sections: bacteriology, mycobacteriology, mycology, and virology.
MICROBIOLOGY
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
WBC Differential Count
HEMATOLOGY
Urinalysis and Fecalysis section of clinical laboratory
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
A computer system that is designed to manage
all the operations involved in laboratory activities including inputting, processing, and storing the information and data of a lab.
Laboratory Information System (LIS)
The first autoanalyzer was invented in ______ by _____________________
1957, Leonard Skeggs, Ph. D.
Main task of Clinical Laboratory
Provide accurate and reliable information to medical doctors for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and management of diseases.
Administrative order No. 59 s. 2001: Section 7
- Application for permit to construct
- Application for new license
- Application for renewal of license
- Permit and License Fees
- Penalties
- Inspection
- Monitoring
- Issuance of license
- Terms an conditions of License
STAFFING: Technical Standards and Minimum Requirements
1) shall be managed by a licensed physician certified by the Philippine Board of Pathology
2) shall employ qualified and adequately train personnel
3) There shall be staff development and appropriate continuing education program available at all levels of the organization
Advantages of Automation
- minimum human intervention
- uses minute amount of sample
- more tests in less time
- reduces workload
- decreased chances of human errors
Processes in processing area of specimens.
- Identified
- Labeled
- Schedules for analysis
- Centrifuged
- Sorted
• Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) • Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) • Total Cholesterol • High and Low Density Lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) • Triglycerides (TAG) • Blood uric acid (BUA) • Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
• Blood Typing • Compatibility Testing • Blood Donation • Blood Screening • Blood Component Processing
BLOOD BANK
IQAS
day-to-day activities day-to-day activities to control factors or variables that may affect test results.
Main advantages of LIS
- reduced clerical work
- better evaluation of workload
- faster communication
- improvement of information given to the clinician
- improved retrieval operations
- faster billing
EQAS
System for checking performance among clinical laboratories and is facilitated by designated external agencies.
A laboratory in a government hospital designated by the DOH to provide special diagnostic functions and services for certain diseases
National reference laboratory
- Hepatitis B
- Syphilis
- Hepatitis C
- Dengue
- Rheumatoid Factor
IMMUNOLOGY and SEROLOGY
Activities performed in this
section processing, sections, preparation for microscopic examination by a pathologist.
Anatomic Pathology - Histopathology
Combines anatomical, clinical, and biochemical techniques used to detect presence of antigens in tissue.
This is useful in the diagnosis of some types of cancers.
IMMUNO-HISTOCHEMISTRY
DOH-designated QAS
National Reference Laboratories (NRL)
