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Usmle Step 1 First Aid > Lessons 2 > Flashcards

Lessons 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Candida albicans

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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2
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients

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3
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

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4
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4 < 200/mm3)

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5
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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6
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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7
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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8
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

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9
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

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10
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

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11
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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12
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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13
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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14
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

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15
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

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16
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

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17
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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18
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

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19
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

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20
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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21
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG, aspirin

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22
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

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23
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

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24
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

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25
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate

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26
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

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27
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

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28
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

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29
Q

SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/ 338 tolvaptan, demeclocycline

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30
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

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31
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin 347 replacement

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32
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

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33
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

α-antagonists (eg, phenoxybenzamine)

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34
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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35
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

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36
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (eg, mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

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37
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea (fetal hemoglobin increased)

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38
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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39
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide

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40
Q

Drug of choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy or renal failure

A

Low-molecular-weight heparin

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41
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

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42
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

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43
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

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44
Q

Warfarin reversal

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

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45
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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46
Q

HER2/neu ⊕ breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

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47
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); 462 bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin,
denosumab (treatment)

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48
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

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49
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; probenecid

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50
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

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51
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

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52
Q

Migraine

A

Abortive therapies (eg, sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

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53
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease-modifying therapies (eg, β-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

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54
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

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55
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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56
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

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57
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

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58
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, SSRIs

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59
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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60
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

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61
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

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62
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzodiazepines

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63
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

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64
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

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65
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

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66
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

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67
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

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68
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

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69
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

α1-antagonists, 5α-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

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70
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

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71
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
ER ⊕ breast cancer

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72
Q

ER ⊕ breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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73
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

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74
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

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75
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma

A

Flutamide

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76
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

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77
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

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78
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

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79
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

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80
Q

Vitamin deficiency (USA)

A

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

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81
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

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82
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S pneumoniae

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83
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E coli/Listeria monocytogenes (newborns), S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids/teen

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84
Q

HLA-DR3

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis (also associated with HLA-DR5), Addison disease

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85
Q

HLA-DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease

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86
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg, adenocarcinoma, MALToma)

A

H pylori

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87
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

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88
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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89
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

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90
Q

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

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91
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S aureus, B cereus

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92
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S aureus (most common overall)

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93
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

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94
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, Candida, S aureus

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95
Q

UTI

A

E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

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96
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae)

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97
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram ⊝ rods

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98
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae

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99
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase ⊕)

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100
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > kidney, thyroid, lung

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101
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > melanoma, colon, kidney

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102
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach > pancreas

103
Q

S3 heart sound 

A

ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

104
Q

S4 heart sound

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy

105
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

106
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

107
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

108
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

109
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

110
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

111
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

112
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus 298 arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return,
tricuspid atresia

113
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

114
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

115
Q

Hypertension, 2°

A

Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg, 300 polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy),
hyperaldosteronism

116
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

117
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis, smoking is major risk factor

118
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

119
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

120
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Hypertension

121
Q

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

122
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

123
Q

Endocarditis presentation associated with bacterium

A

S aureus (acute, IVDA, tricuspid valve), viridans streptococci (subacute, dental procedure), S bovis (colon
cancer), culture negative (Coxiella, Bartonella, HACEK)

124
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

125
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) vessels in extremities

126
Q

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

127
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball valve”)

128
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

129
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

130
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

131
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)

132
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

133
Q

1° hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

134
Q

2° hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

135
Q

Cushing syndrome ƒ

A

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy) 348 ƒ Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ƒ ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) ƒ Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

136
Q

1° hyperaldosteronism

A

Adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma

137
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

138
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

139
Q

Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or 351, pancreas), associated with MEN1

140
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

141
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

142
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in 379 sloughing of gastric mucosa)

143
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

144
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

145
Q

Gastric cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

146
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normalcolon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

147
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

148
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

149
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C, alcoholism, and hemochromatosis)

150
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

151
Q

1° liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson
disease)

152
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

153
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

154
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” andrisk
of hepatocellular carcinoma)

155
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

156
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

157
Q

Microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency

158
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

159
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

160
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

161
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns,trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL

162
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

163
Q

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

164
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)

165
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

166
Q

Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

167
Q

1 degree bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

168
Q

Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ∼ 65, CML: 432, adult 45–85

169
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

Leukemia, brain tumors

170
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

171
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL oncogene, 434 tyrosine kinase activation), more rarely associated with
ALL

172
Q

Vertebral compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

173
Q

HLA-B27

A

Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)

174
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

175
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)

176
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

177
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari I malformation

178
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

179
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

180
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

181
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

182
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

183
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

184
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

185
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

186
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

187
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal,
spinocerebellar tracts affected)

188
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Membranous nephropathy

189
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

190
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

191
Q

Kidney stones
ƒ

A

Calcium = radiopaque 598 ƒ Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease
⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and
S saprophyticus)
ƒ Uric acid = radiolucent
ƒ Cystine = faintly radiopaque

192
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO,
renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

193
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

194
Q

1° amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)

195
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

196
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

197
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

198
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

199
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

200
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

201
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

202
Q

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

Fibroadenoma

203
Q

Breast cancer

A
204
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive),placental ALP

205
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg, HF), lung disease (eg, COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg, OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)

206
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (high risk of thrombosis)

207
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

208
Q

Amiloride

A

K+-sparing diuretic

209
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III antiarrhythmic

210
Q

Amlodipine

A

Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker

211
Q

Benztropine

A

Cholinergic antagonist

212
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Dopamine agonist

213
Q

Buspirone

A

Generalized anxiety disorder (5-HT1A-receptor agonist)

214
Q

Bupropion

A

Depression, smoking cessation (NE-DA reuptake inhibitor)

215
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2-receptor antagonist

216
Q

Cetirizine 2nd-generation antihistamine

A
217
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Antibiotic (blocks 50S subunit)

218
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

Long-acting benzodiazepine

219
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Typical antipsychotic

220
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

1st-generation sulfonylurea

221
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

1st-generation antihistamine

222
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Thiazide diuretic

223
Q

Clozapine

A

5-HT2A-agonist

224
Q

Clomipramine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

225
Q

Clomiphene

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

226
Q

Clonidine

A

α2-agonist

227
Q

Doxepin

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

228
Q

Doxazosin

A

α1-antagonist

229
Q

Eplerenone

A

K+-sparing diuretic

230
Q

Propafenone

A

Class IC antiarrhythmic

231
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

232
Q

Fluphenazine

A

Typical antipsychotic

233
Q

Duloxetine

A

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

234
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant (thins respiratory secretions)

235
Q

Guanfacine

A

α2-agonist

236
Q

Mifepristone

A

Progesterone receptor antagonist

237
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1 synthetic analog

238
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid receptor antagonist (treats toxicity)

239
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid receptor antagonist (prevents relapse)

240
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Hypertensive emergency (cGMP/NO)increase

241
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Antianginal (cGMP/NO)high

242
Q

Omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

243
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Antifungal (inhibits fungal sterol synthesis)

244
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Atypical antipsychotic

245
Q

Anastrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor

246
Q

Rifaximin

A

Hepatic encephalopathy (ammoniagenic bacteria)

247
Q

Rifampin

A

Antimicrobial (inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)

248
Q

Sertraline

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

249
Q

Selegiline

A

MAO-B inhibitor

250
Q

Trazodone

A

Insomnia (blocks 5-HT2, α1-adrenergic, and H1 receptors)

251
Q

Tramadol

A

Chronic pain (weak opioid agonist)

252
Q

Varenicline

A

Smoking cessation (nicotinic ACh receptor partial agonist)

253
Q

Venlafaxin

A

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibito

Usmle Step 1 First Aid (3 decks)

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