Lessons Flashcards
During which week of development is the pronefrost scene?
Week 3
After development of the pronephros, what happens to it?
Degenerates
Which embryologic structure functions as an interim kidney during the first trimester?
Mesonephros
In males the mesonephros persists as which system?
Male Genital System
The wolffian duct forms which male structures?
Ductus deferens and epididymus
Which week of development is the metanephros scene?
5th week
Which week of Gestation is nephrogenesis completed?
Week 36
The Ureteric bud gives rise to which structures?
Ureter pelvises calyces and collecting ducts
Which week of gestation are the ureteric bud structures fully canalized?
Week 10
Interactions of which 2 tissues or structures induces the differentiation and formation of the glomerulus through the duct?
The metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud
Which structure in renal embryogenesis is the last to canalize?
The ureteropelvic junction
Which test can identify obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction?
Prenatal Ultrasound
What happens to the lungs in potter sequence ?
They are hypoplastic
What is the underlying pathology leading to the potter sequence?
Oligohydramnios
Cause of death in potter sequence
Pulmonary hypoplasia
What does the mnemonic potter stand for in the potter sequence?
Pulmonary Hypoplasia oligohydramnios, twisted face, twisted skin extremely defects and renal failure
Some of the problems that can cause oligohydramnios leading to potter sequence?
Placental insufficiency or reduced renal output
Some underlying causes of reduced renal output associated with potter sequence
Bilateral renal agenesis, obstructive uropathy and AR PKD
Under which vessel do horseshoe kidneys get stuck upon ascent?
Inferior mesenteric artery, although mostly benign
4 common problems associated with horseshoe kidney.
Hydronephronsis, renal stones, infection and an increased risk of renal cancer
Type of chromosomal problems associated with a horseshoe kidney
Any type of chromosomal aneuploidy
The presence of unilateral agenesis is a result of failure of which structure during development?
The ureteric bud
Describe the pathophysiology underlying the development a multi-cystic dysplastic kidney.
The ureteric bud develop but fails to induce differentiation of metabolic mesenchyme
Which 2 areas can lead to the formation of y-shaped bifid ureter
Bifurcation of ureteric bud before it enters the metanephric blasters or when two uroteric reach and interact with the metanephric blastema.
2 conditions strongly associated with a duplex collecting system.
Vesico ureteral reflux, ureteral obstruction
Which type of infection is associated with a duplex collecting system
UTIS
How does a duplex collecting system typically present?
With hydronephrosis
Posterior ureteral valves are remnants of which make structure?
They are membranous remnants of the prostatic urethra in males
What are 2 findings on ultrasound that will allow you to diagnose posterior urethral valves.
Bilateral hydronephrosis and a dilated or thick wall bladder
What is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male infants?
Posterior Uretheral valves
In cases of severe obstruction, posterior urethral valves are associated with which findings?
Oligohydramnios
What is the main risk associated with vesicoureteral reflux?
Recurring UTIS
What is the main primary cause of vesicoureteral reflux?
Either abnormal or insufficient insertion of the ureter within the ureteral vesicle junction
What is the most likely secondary cause of vesicoureteral reflex?
Abnormally high bladder pressure
2 errors can lead to the formation a y-shaped bifid ureter
Bifurcation of the uroteric bud before it enters the metanephric blastema or 2 uroteric buds reach and interact with the metanephric blastema
