LESSONS

Question 1

The Thyroid Follicular Cells are derived from which Structure?

Answer 1

The Endoderm

Question 2

What is the primary regulator of the Zona Glomerulosa?

Answer 2

Angiotensin II

Question 3

Primary Hormone produced in the Zona
glomerulosa ?

Answer 3

Aldosterone

Question 4

What Hormone class is made in the Zona Glomerulosa?

Answer 4

Mineralocorticoids

Question 5

2 main Physiologic Functions of Oxytocin

Answer 5

To cause uterine contraction during labor.
Milk let down in response to Suckling.

Question 6

Prolactin is structurally homologous o which hormone?

Answer 6

Growth hormone

Question 7

What effect does the dopamine antagonist have on prolactin secretion?

Answer 7

It stimulates it which binds to the nuclear receptor with greater affinity t3 or t4

Question 8

On which type of bone cell is the rank receptor located?

Answer 8

Osteoclasts

Question 9

Where is prepro insulin Synthesized?

Answer 9

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the pancreatic beta cells

Question 10

In which two structures is the Glut-5 transporter fund?

Answer 10

Spermatocytes
GI tract

Question 11

What type of activity does the insulin receptor possess?

Answer 11

Tyrosine Kinase Activity

Question 12

What effect does Cortisol have on gluconeogenesis?

Answer 12

It increases it

Question 13

What effect does Cortisol have on Lipolysis?

Answer 13

It increases it

Question 14

What effect does Cortisol have on Proteolysis?

Answer 14

It increases it

Question 15

3 ways by which we can diagnose acromegaly

Answer 15

We can identify an increased serum IGF-I .
We can look at the oral glucose tolerance test that fails to suppress growth hormone.
We can look at the MRI which will demonstrate a pituitary mass.

Question 16

Medullary Carcinoma comes from which type of cell?

Answer 16

The Parafollicular C Cells

Question 17

What is the state of hydration and serum osmolarity in the Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic state?

Answer 17

Dehydration is present and there is an increase in serum Osmolality.

Question 18

Which type of cell does a carcinoid tumor arise?

Answer 18

Neuroendocrine Cell

Question 19

How does Sevelamer treat Hyperphosphatemia in Chronic Kidney disease?

Answer 19

It binds phosphate in the GI tract and prevents its absorption

Question 20

Which vitamin deficiency can develop in someone taking a biguanide?

Answer 20

Vitamin B12

Question 21

Recurrent Ulcers in the Jejunum or Duodenum despite treatment may indicate the presence of which syndrome?

Answer 21

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Question 22

The field Chromosatoma is derived from which type of cell?

Answer 22

Chromafin Cells which arise from the neural Crest

Question 23

Children under which age are most likely to develop the neuroblastoma?

Answer 23

Under 4 years of age

Question 24

The serum Osmolality in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is usually above which value?

Answer 24

320 milliosmoles per kilogram

Question 25

Non-enzymatic glycation of small vessels in diabetes leads to thickening of which part of vessel?

Answer 25

Basement Membrane

Question 26

Describe the level of calcium Phosphate and PTH in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Answer 26

Calcium is decreased
Phosphate is increased
PTH is increased

Question 27

3 findings associated with hypoparathyroidism

Answer 27

Tetany
Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia

Question 28

An injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is most likely to occur during ligation of which structure?

Answer 28

The superior thyroid vascular pedicle

Question 29

3 common findings that should make you think about subacute granulomatous thyroiditis

Answer 29

Increased ESR , Jaw pain , and tender thyroid

Question 30

Expected levels of HDL , IDL and total cholesterol in primary hyperthyroidism.

Answer 30

There is a decrease of all 3

Question 31

Most common cause of death in a child with gigantism.

Answer 31

Heart Failure

Question 32

A decrease in sex hormone-binding globulin in women can cause which physical side effect

Answer 32

Pursuitism

Question 33

What effect does fasting have on ghrelin production?

Answer 33

It increases it

Question 34

Which enzyme deficiency is the most common cause of congenital adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 34

21 Hydroxylase

Question 35

Name the 4 roles of Glucagon

Answer 35

It promotes Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and ketogenesis

Question 36

What receptors in the heart does active thyroid hormone stimulate?

Answer 36

Beta 1 receptor

Question 37

Drug Choice for managing Central diabetes insipidus?

Answer 37

Desmopressin

Question 38

The posterior pituitary is derived from which cell type?

Answer 38

Neuroectoderm

Question 39

Which cell type is the anterior pituitary derived?

Answer 39

Oral Eectoderm