Lessons 1-4 Quiz Review: Terminology

Question 1

Numerical (Quantitative) Data

Answer 1

Data in the form of a number; numerical data are either continuous or discrete

Question 2

Continuous Data

Answer 2

Can have any value within a range

Question 3

Continuous Data can include what

Answer 3

Homework time (time in general), height, weight

Question 4

Discrete Data

Answer 4

Can only have specific values, usually whole numbers.

Question 5

Continuous Data Graph Type

Answer 5

Histogram (Intervals-Bars Touch)

Question 6

Discrete Data can include what

Answer 6

Tickets sold, # of teaspoons, AP scores, shoe size

Question 7

Discrete Data Graph Type

Answer 7

Bar Graph

Question 8

Categorical (Qualitative) data

Answer 8

Data that can be sorted into distinct groups or categories;
Categorical data can be either ordinal or nominal

Question 9

Ordinal Data

Answer 9

Qualitative data that can be ranked (ordered)

Question 10

Ordinal Data can include what

Answer 10

Level of agreement (good, fair, poor)

Question 11

Ordinal Data Graph Type

Answer 11

Bar Graph (easier to see order)

Question 12

Nominal Data

Answer 12

Cannot be ranked

Question 13

Nominal Data can include what

Answer 13

Favourite sport, favourite snack, etc…

Question 14

Nominal Data Graph Type

Answer 14

Bar graph, circle graph (pie chart)

Question 15

Census Sample

Answer 15

Survey the entire population

Question 16

Census Example

Answer 16

Lucy surveys all community members (students and staff)

Question 17

Simple Random

Answer 17

Randomly choose a specific number of people

Question 18

Simple Random Example

Answer 18

Lucy randomly selects 100 people to survey (for example, puts all names into a hat; assigns each member of the population a number and use a
random number generator.

Question 19

Systematic

Answer 19

Put the population in an ordered list and choose people at regular intervals; Start with a random selection.

Question 20

Systematic Example

Answer 20

Lucy surveys every 6th person from a list of
community members after choosing a
random starting point; Note: We survey every 6th person because 100/600 = 1/6 of the population

Question 21

Stratified

Answer 21

Divide the sample into groups with the same proportions as those groups in the population.

Question 22

Stratified Example

Answer 22

Lucy randomly chooses one sixth of each
division:
● 1/6 x 215 = 36 students from Junior School
● 1/6 x 130 = 22 students from Middle School
● 1/6 x 175 = 29 students from Senior School
● 1/6 x 80 = 13 staff members

Question 23

Cluster

Answer 23

Divide the population into groups,
randomly choose a number of the
groups, and sample each member of
the chosen groups

Question 24

Cluster Example

Answer 24

1. Lucy divides the school into grade and
   staff groups and randomly chooses
   about 5-6 groups to survey
   (depending on the group size).
2. She then surveys all members of each
   chosen group.

Question 25

Multistage

Answer 25

Divide the population into a hierarchy and choose a random sample at each level - Similar to stratified sample, but proportions aren’t necessarily maintained

Question 26

Multistage Example

Answer 26

1. Lucy randomly chooses two divisions from JS, MS, SS, and staff. 2. From the selected divisions, she randomly selects two subgroups within. 3. She then surveys 25 members of each subgroup chosen in Step 2.

Question 27

Convenience

Answer 27

Choose individuals from the population who are easy to access

Question 28

Convenience Example

Answer 28

Lucy surveys 100 people as they enter the dining hall to collect their lunch.

Question 29

Voluntary

Answer 29

Allow participants to choose whether or not to participate

Question 30

Voluntary Example

Answer 30

Lucy creates a Google Form and sends her survey questions to the school community via email. Some community members choose to complete the form.

Question 31

Response Bias

Answer 31

When respondents change their answers to influence the results, to avoid embarrassment, or to give the answer they think the questioner wants

Question 32

Response Bias Example

Answer 32

Mrs. Warner asks students who are enjoying data management to raise their hand.

Question 33

Sampling Bias

Answer 33

When the sample does not closely represent the population

Question 34

Sampling Bias Example

Answer 34

You ask your friends a question when you need the opinion of the whole school.

Question 35

Measurement Bias

Answer 35

when the collection method is such that the characteristics are consistently over- or under-represented

Question 36

Measurement Bias Example

Answer 36

Leading questions, offering limited choices, etc.

Question 37

Non-response Bias

Answer 37

When the opinions of respondents differ in meaningful ways from those of non-respondents (common with voluntary surveys)

Question 38

Non-response Bias Example

Answer 38

A sports survey sent to the whole school may get the majority of responses from athletes.