Lessons 1-3 Flashcards
What does HTML stand for?
Hyper Text Markup Language
Describe an element.
An element is made up of a start tag and an end tag.
It can act as a defining container for a particular piece of content
It can define what the content looks like or can signify an aspect of the document
What is an attribute?
An attribute is used to define the characteristics of an element.
It is made up of the Name and Value, always functioning in pairs.
What are Name-Value pairs?
Name is the property you want to set e.g. align
Value is the value of that property e.g. “left”
Define mark-up language.
Language used to describe webpages. Mark up tags describe parts of a web page e.g
What does W3C stand for?
World Wide Web Consortium, an organisation of web developers who define the international standard for web development to ensure the web is accessible and safe for all.
What does WCAG stand for?
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, guidelines to ensure that all content is Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust as possible.
What does POUR stand for in regards to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines?
Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust.
Define a validator tool.
Validator tool is used to check the validity of web documents. It is a tool provided by W3C.
What does the doctype tag do?
Defines the type of code used in a document. HTML refers to the most recent version of HTML, for older editions you would specify e.g. HTML4.
What does the <a> element do?</a>
Anchor tag. These are useful for containing web links and inbound links.
What does the <p> element do?</p>
Paragraph tag. Used to contain text content.
What does the <img></img> element do?
Image tag. Used to contain .png and .jpg files. Must have alt text for accessibility.
What does the <div> element do?</div>
Non-semantic element, can be used to define a division or section of a webpage. Can contain any content and separate it from the main body.
What does the nav element do?
Used to contain navigation bars and tabs.
What is the function of the aside element?
Identifies content relating to the main content which isn’t contained within the main body.
Pulls it out separately from main body e.g. quote.
What is the function of the header tag?
Tag used to contain titles, headings, links and style sheets. Does not appear on the live page.
What does the article tag do?
Specifies independent content to the rest of the site.
What does the section element do?
Specifies a section of the document.
What is the function of the footer tag?
Defines the footer of the document, can contain page links, social tags and policies.
What is the function of a block level element?
Tags that affect an entire section of the HTML document.
What is the function of a text level element?
Tags that affect single words or sentences of the HTML document.
What does the td element do?
Defines the properties of an individual table cell.
What is the tr element for?
Defining table rows.
What do <ol> and </ol><ul> tags refer to?</ul>
Ordered and unordered lists used to define a list of items separated by numbering or bullet points.
What do <h1> and <h2> tags refer to?</h2></h1>
Heading tags, the lower the number the bigger the heading size.
What is the function of the title tag?
Used to identify the name/title of the document. Not visible on the live webpage.
What does this string of code do?
Form
Radio
Creates an interactive form to collect data from user input.
Type refers to how the response is retrieved e.g. text checkbox, radio, password.
Radio allows one pre-written item to be selected.
What are semantic elements?
A semantic element clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer.
Define an app container.
Containers allow you to package your application and all relevant files into one place.
Define an app package.
A package file format used to collect together programs or modules that are required for an application to work.
Define the app cache.
Stored data available to speed up your web experience e.g. logos/images, frees up space on browser. You can clear data stored by cache
What does API stand for?
Application Programming Interface. A software intermediary which allows two applications to talk to one another.
Define an application state.
Term to represent the totality of everything needed to keep your app running.
What is CSS?
Stands for Cascading Style Sheets. Style sheets used to format the layout and design of a web page.
Name three types of CSS.
External CSS - applied by an anchor tag in header.
Internal CSS - style defined in the header in full.
In-line CSS - style defined inside specific element tags.
What are cookies?
Tracking function in web browsers, contains either localStorage or sessionStorage, tracks small pieces of data which may be valuable for web client in future.
Define de-bugging.
The process of finding and resolving bugs within a program/system.
What is a gesture?
Additional touch elements that can significantly improve the user experience such as “swipe”, “pinch/zoom”.
Created using pointer-events.
What does HTTP stand for?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Used to transfer data over the web. HTTPS is a secure server.
What is HTML5?
Most recent edition of web mark-up language.
New standard includes video/audio playback, drag & drop, geolocation, microdata, SSE, persistent local storage, new semantic elements.
Define identity permissions.
Permissions allowed to certain users to grant access to certain features of a program.
Define JavaScript.
A programming language used to create interactive elements within web browsers.
What is a launcher icon?
A graphic that represents your application.
Define localStorage.
Offline data storage with a prolonged expiration date. Can save numerous name-value pairs. Only saves to the browser in use.
Define sessionStorage.
Offline data storage for a single web session. Saves name-value pairs but only as long as the browser period is still active.
What is a media query?
Feature of CSS which enables content to adapt to different screen sizes.
What is a metro-style user interface?
Full screen apps tailored for touch interaction e.g. Windows 10.
Define namespace.
A class of elements with each element possessing a unique name. e.g. addresses, file locations.
What is a permission set?
Set of rules defining what users or teams can do within a program.
Define persistent state information.
The retention of a state after the process has been stopped. State is saved in persistent storage and reloaded when reopened.
Define platform-independent.
Code can run on all operating systems.
Define scripting language.
A computer language with a series of commands executing independently e.g. JavaScript.
Define session state.
Allows a developer to store data about a user as they navigate through different web pages.
Define touch events.
Low-level events that represent points of contact with a touch-sensitive surface.
Define a runtime environment.
Environment in which a program or application is executed.
Define an audio element.
An element used to embed sound content within a document.
Define a canvas element.
An element used as a container in which to draw graphics via JavaScript.
Define a codec.
A piece of software able to encode or decode media into a transferable format.
Define compression.
Method of reducing files to a smaller number of components (1’s and 0’s) used to store the information.
Define deprecation.
The process of taking older code and marking it as no longer useful, not immediately removed but replaced.
What is an empty tag?
A tag which requires an opening tag but no closing tag. e.g. Line break <br></br>
Define an entity.
A single person, place or thing about which data can be stored.
What is a element?
An element which represents a caption or legend for a figure.
What is a figcaption element?
Element designed to be used with element. Contains a figure e.g. image, chart; alongside a legend or caption.
Define a global attribute.
Attributes common to all HTML elements e.g. class, id, style.
What is nesting?
When HTML elements can be placed inside one another. It allows you to apply multiple tags to one piece of content.
What is a raster image?
An image file defined as a grid of pixels e.g. .jpeg, .png, .gif.
Define render.
Interpreting code into visual design.
What does SVG mean?
Scalable vector graphics - media designed for web use.
What is a video element?
An element which allows you to embed a video file within a document.
What is the autofocus attribute?
Attribute which specifies which element should automatically get focus when the page loads. e.g. form input field.
Define automatic validation.
Program starts parsing a document and marking errors after a notable delay in typing.
Define parsing.
Process of analysing a string of symbols to conform to a formal set of syntax rules.
Define client-side validation.
When you enter data the browser/server will check the data is correct within a formal set of syntax rules.
What does the autocomplete element do?
Specifies a list of pre-defined input options. Used to provide autocomplete options. User will see a drop-down list.
Define the email attribute.
Input attribute used to define a field for an email address. Has a built in DOMstring to validate input based on email syntax.
Define the pattern attribute.
Attribute linked to input types. Expression which defines that the input’s value must match the pattern attribute to be validated. e.g. password.
What is placeholder text?
Text used to temporarily hold a place in a document for the purpose of layout/typesetting.
Define the required attribute.
Attribute which specifies that an input field must be filled out before submitting the form.
What is a boolean attribute?
An attribute that can only be true or false.
Define server-side validation
Validation performed by the server.
Define scalable.
Easily upgraded or expanded.
Define a user interface (UI).
Any pages, buttons, forms and other elements that allow an end user to interact with the device/software.
What is a tag?
A tag is a keyword surrounded by angled brackets, most come in pairs and are case-sensitive.
What is an empty tag?
A tag that doesn’t require an end tag e.g. br
Most commonly used tags?
Doctype
Head
Title
Body
What is nesting?
Placing elements inside each other.
What is an entity?
A special character such as $ or tm or copyright. Incorporation of these is character encoding.
Standard encoding type for HTML5?
UTF-8
Deprecated elements from HTML4?
basefont, center, font, strike
acronym, frame.
New elements in HTML5?
command (button), mark (highlights), time (displays readable time), meter, progress
What are strong and em elements used for?
To stress or add importance.
What is the small element used for?
To imply small text e.g. copyright
What is a raster image?
Image made up of pixels
What is a vector image?
Image made up of lines and curves based on mathematical expressions.
What does Canvas element do?
Creates a container for graphics, JavaScript used to draw graphics dynamically.
What is Scalable Vector Graphics?
Language used to describe 2D graphics in XML. Can be embedded within web pages.
When to use Canvas over SVG?
Small drawings
Large number of objects
Small screens
Displaying real time data
Control attributes for Video?
Poster
Autoplay
Controls
Loop
Attributes for video
Source, width, height, controls
What is compression?
Reduces the amount of space needed to store a file.
Video compression?
Reduces size of video images whilst maintaining highest video quality with minimum bit rate.
Main video formats?
MP4
OGG
WebM
Audio attributes?
Autoplay, controls, loop
Audio formats?
OGG
MP3
WAV
