lesson5 Flashcards
collateral
secondary or unintended damage or consequence
The industrialization of farming led to the collateral loss of biodiversity
enervation
the process of weakening or exhausting something
the enervation of the soil due to over-farming has reduced its natural fertility
welfare
the health, happiness, and well-being of a person or group
modern farming practices have raised concerns about the welfare of livestock
fertiliser
a chemical or natural substance added to soil to increase its fertility
farmers rely on fertiliser to improve crop yields, but excessive use can harm the environment
pesticide
a substance used to kill harmful insects or other pests that damage crops
the widespread use of pesticide has contributed to the decline of many bird species
monoculture
the cultivation of a single crop over a large area
monoculture farming reduces biodiversity and makes crops more vulnerable to diseases
rearing
the process of breeding and raising animals
the rearing of cattle in confined spaces has raised ethical concerns
livestock
farm animals such as cows, sheep, and chickens
livestock farming contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions
onward
moving forward or continuing in progress
the onward march of agricultural technology has greatly increased food production
yield
the mount of crops or produce obtained from a field
farmers use advanced techniques to increase their crop yield
colossal
extremely large or great in size
the colossal impact of industrial farming on the environment cannot be ignored
skylark
to’rg’ay
partridge
kaklik
lapwing
qizqush
bunting
dehqonchumchuq
hedgerow
tabiiy to’siq
faeces
solid waste matter excreted from body
filth
thick, unpleasant dirt
loch
a Scottish term for a lake or sea inlet
pollution has affected the marine life in several Scottish lochs
alga
suv o’ti (plural algae)
wheat
bug’doy
borne
pp of bear. carried or transmitted by something
many water-borne diseases are linked to agricultural pollution
merely
only; nothing more than
the loss of biodiversity is not merely an aesthetic issue but an environmental crisis
staggering
shockingly large or impressive in amount
the staggering cost of repairing environmental damage from farming is often overlooked
externality
indirect cost or effect of an activity that are not reflected in its price
pollution from farming is one of the many negative externalities of industrial agriculture
arable
suitable for growing crops
arable land is becoming less fertile due to excessive use of chemicals
figure
a number or statistic representing a quantity
the figure for agricultural pollution costs was higher that expected
pasture
land covered with grass used for grazing animals
farmers rotate their cattle between different pastures to maintain soil quality
phosphate
chemical compounds containing phosphorus, often used in fertilisers
emission
gases or pollutants released into the air
agriculture is responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions
prop
to support or hold something up
government subsidies are propping up unsustainable farming practices.
feasible
possible or practical to do
it is feasible to adopt more sustainable farming methods with proper support
furthermore
in addition, moreover
sustainable farming reduces pollution, furthermore, it improves soil health
daunt
to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about their ability to achieve something
She was not at all daunted by the size of the problem.
foothill
tog’ etagi
leaflet
a piece of paper that gives you information or advertises something
A leaflet about the new bus services came through the door today.
itinerary
a detailed plan or route of a journey
The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary.
culminate
If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point
Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease.
