lesson4

Question 1

ambiguous

Answer 1

/æmˈbɪɡjuəs/
=vague
​that can be understood in more than one way; having different meanings
an ambiguous word/term/statement

Question 2

ambiguous

Answer 2

not clearly stated or defined
His role has always been ambiguous.

Question 3

vague

Answer 3

not clear in a person’s mind
to have a vague impression/memory/recollection of something

Question 4

arbitrary

Answer 4

​(formal) using power without limits and without considering other people
the arbitrary powers of officials

Question 4

assert

Answer 4

/əˈsɜːrt/
=deklare
to state clearly and definitely that something is true
assert that… She continued to assert that she was innocent.

Question 4

declare

Answer 4

/dɪˈkler/
Phrasal Verbs
​ [transitive] to say something officially or publicly
declare something: The government has declared a state of emergency.

Question 5

astounding

Answer 5

/əˈstaʊndɪŋ/
​so surprising that it is difficult to believe
SYNONYM astonishing
There was an astounding 20 per cent increase in sales.

Question 6

astute

Answer 6

adjective
/əˈstuːt/
= shrewd
=perceptive
​very clever and quick at seeing what to do in a particular situation, especially how to get an advantage

an astute businessman/politician/observer

Question 7

concur

Answer 7

verb
/kənˈkɜːr/
​=to agree
* concur (with somebody) (in something)*
Historians have concurred with each other in this view.

Question 8

perceptive

Answer 8

adjective
/pərˈseptɪv/
having or showing the ability to see or understand things quickly, especially things that are not obvious
.a highly perceptive comment
.It was very perceptive of you to notice that.

Question 9

misleadingly

Answer 9

adverb
/ˌmɪsˈliːdɪŋli/
​in a way that gives the wrong idea or impression and makes you believe something that is not true
.These bats are sometimes misleadingly referred to as ‘flying foxes’.

Question 10

deceptively

Answer 10

adverb
/dɪˈseptɪvli/
​to a smaller or greater extent than appears the case
.a deceptively simple idea
.a deceptively spacious lounge

Question 11

designate

Answer 11

verb
/ˈdezɪɡneɪt/
=assign
​ [often passive] *to say officially that somebody/something has a particular character or name; to describe somebody/something in a particular way;
be designated (as) something This area has been designated (as) a National Park.
*to choose or name somebody for a particular job or position
designate somebody to do something; the man designated to succeed the president.
*to indicate;specify;select

Question 12

determined

Answer 12

adjective
/dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/
=resolute
​ [not before noun] having made a definite decision to do something and not letting anyone prevent you
The opposition to her plan made her more determined than ever.
determined to do something; I’m determined to succeed.
showing determination;
I made a determined effort to stop smoking.

Question 13

resolute

Answer 13

adjective
/ˈrezəluːt/
​strong and determined
His resolute leadership was admired by many.

Question 14

elicit

Answer 14

/ɪˈlɪsɪt/
=extract​
elicit something (from somebody) to get information or a reaction from somebody, often with difficulty
.I could elicit no response from him.

Question 15

arbitrary

Answer 15

adjective
/ˈɑːrbɪtreri/
=haphazard
​ (of an action, a decision, a rule, etc.) not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair
The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary.

Question 16

embody

Answer 16

verb
/ɪmˈbɑːdi/
=examplify
​ to express or represent an idea or a quality
embody something; a politician who embodied the hopes of black youth.
be embodied in something; the principles embodied in the Declaration of Human Rights.

Question 17

embody

Answer 17

examplify, Imagine
be a good example of a concept or idea

Question 18

instigate

Answer 18

verb
/ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt/
Verb Forms
​instigate something (especially British English) to make something start or happen, usually something official
SYNONYM: bring something about
The government has instigated a programme of economic reform.

Question 19

instigate

Answer 19

verb
/ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt/
=initiate
instigate something; to cause something bad to happen
.They were accused of instigating violence.

Question 20

initiate

Answer 20

verb
/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/
​ initiate something; (formal) to make something begin
The government has initiated a programme of economic reform.

Question 21

mundane

Answer 21

adjective
/mʌnˈdeɪn/
ordinary. common, routine
​not interesting or exciting
SYNONYM dull, ordinary
.a mundane task/job

Question 22

petition

Answer 22

noun
/pəˈtɪʃn/
=appeal
​ a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change something
petition against something; Would you like to sign our petition against experiments on animals?
petition for something; The workers are getting up (= starting) a petition for tighter safety standards.

Question 23

appeal

Answer 23

/əˈpiːl/
​ [countable, uncountable] a deeply felt request for money, help or information that is needed immediately, especially one made by a charity or by the police
appeal to somebody for something; Police are making a fresh appeal to the public for any information that may help them.
appeal to somebody to do something; The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.

Question 24

relinquish

Answer 24

verb
/rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/
=abdicate
​to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillingly
SYNONYM give something (control) up
relinquish something; He was forced to relinquish control of the company.

Question 25

abdicate

Answer 25

verb
/ˈæbdɪkeɪt/
to give up the position of being king, queen or emperor
He abdicated in favour of his son.
abdicate something; She was forced to abdicate the throne of Spain.

Question 26

resilient

Answer 26

adj
/rɪˈzɪliənt/
=tenacious
​able to recover quickly after something unpleasant such as shock, injury, etc.
He’ll get over it—young people are amazingly resilient

Question 27

tenacious

Answer 27

/təˈneɪʃəs/
​that does not stop holding something or give up something easily; determined
She’s a tenacious woman. She never gives up.

Question 28

stagnant

Answer 28

adjective
/ˈstæɡnənt/
=still​
stagnant water or air is not moving and therefore smells unpleasant
.Few fish survive in the stagnant waters of the lake.