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Bloodbank > Lesson3 > Flashcards

Lesson3 Flashcards

1
Q

overall strength of binding.

A

Avidity

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2
Q

the strength of the binding between a single Ab and an epitope of an
antigen.

A

Affinity

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3
Q

When the Antigen-Antibody combines

A

Ag-Ab complex or immune complex is produced.

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4
Q

Red cell antigens are located

A

on the red cells.

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5
Q

Red cell antibodies

A

molecules in the plasma or serum.

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6
Q

ISBT’s stands for

A

The International Society of Blood Transfusion’s

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7
Q

Working Party on Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology assigns the blood group systems.

A

The International Society of Blood Transfusion’s (ISBT’s)

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8
Q

React at body temp (37C)

A

IgG

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9
Q

can cause immune destruction of transfused red cells.

A

IgG

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10
Q

reacts best at RT (20C to 22C) or lower (4C)

A

IgM

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11
Q

The most significant immunoglobulins in transfusion medicine are

A

IgG and IgM.

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12
Q

it is performed on the patient before transfusion to detect the presence of unexpected antibodies.

A

Antibody screening test

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13
Q

Abs of the non-ABO blood group system that are considered clinically significant

A

Duffy, Kell, Kidd, MNS, P, and certain Rh types

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14
Q

needed for activation of the classical pathway.

A

Ca 2+ and Mg 2+

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15
Q

an activation of complement that is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes

A

Classical pathway

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16
Q

an antibody to an antigen that an individual lacks

A

Alloantibodies

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17
Q

(an antibody to an antigen a person has).

A

Autoantibodies

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18
Q

complement split products (C3a, C4a, and C5a) that mediate degranulation of mast cells and basophils, which results in smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.

A

Anaphylatoxins

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19
Q

products such as histamines released by basophils, mast cells, and platelets that act on the endothelium and smooth muscle of the local vasculature.

A

Vasoactive amines

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20
Q

movement of cells in the direction of the antigenic stimulus.

A

Chemotactic

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21
Q

substance (antibody or complement protein) that binds to an antigen and enhances phagocytosis.

A

Opsonin

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22
Q

cells that engulf microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles; include neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes.

A

Phagocytic cells

23
Q

molecules on the cell surface that have a high affinity for a particular molecule such as antibody, hormone, or drug

A

Receptors

24
Q

cells that engulf microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles; include neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes

A

Phagocytic cells

25
Q

molecules on the cell surface that have a high affinity for a particular molecule such as antibody, hormone, or drug.

A

Receptors

26
Q

This system acts as a filter to remove microbes and
old cells.

A

Mononuclear phagocyte system

27
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and lungs.

28
Q

positive reaction is indicated by.

A

agglutination

29
Q

negative reaction is indicated by

A

no agglutination.

30
Q

Factors affecting the hemagglutination reaction:

A

Sensitization

Lattice Formation

31
Q

ratio of antigen on the red cell to antibody in the serum.

A

SERUM-TO-CELL RATIO

32
Q

an excess of unbound immunoglobulins

A

Prozone effect

33
Q

surplus of Antigen

A

Postzone effect

34
Q

Optimal pH for hemagglutination is ranged from

A

6.5-7.5

35
Q

Design to determine if RBCs are coated with antibody or complement or
both.

A

Direct AHG

36
Q

Same AHG reagents with direct AHG but with prior incubation step with plasma (serum).

A

Indirect AHG

37
Q

can determine if RBCs have been sensitized with IgG Ab or complement or both.

A

Polyspecific AHG

38
Q

react only with RBCs sensitized with IgG or complement

A

Monospecific AHG

39
Q

In immunohematology, antigen– antibody reactions are measured.

A

qualitatively

40
Q

Also referred to as the Coombs’ test.

A

ANTI-HUMAN GLOBULIN AND ENHANCERS

41
Q

 A technique for detecting cell-bound
 immunoglobulin (Sensitizing Ab)
 It is used to detect incomplete antibodies (IgG)
 that can sensitize the RBC membrane.
 Obtained from immunized nonhuman species bind to human globulins (IgG or complement).
 An essential testing methodology in transfusion medicine.

A

ANTI-HUMAN GLOBULIN AND ENHANCERS

42
Q

capable of agglutinating cells in physiological saline.

A

Complete antibody

43
Q

bind to erythrocytes or bacteria but does not produce agglutination.

A

Incomplete antibody

44
Q

POLYSPECIFIC AHG REAGENTS referred to as

A

Broad Spectrum Coombs Reagent.

45
Q

An indicator of Ag-Ab reactions
A pinkish-reddish supernatant is observed after centrifuge.

A

Hemolysis

46
Q

Hemolyzed samples are not acceptable for

A

serologic testing,

47
Q

binding of antibody or complement components to a red cell.

A

Sensitization

48
Q

combination of antibody and a multivalent antigen to form cross-links and result in visible agglutination

A

Lattice Formation

49
Q

1945, they described the use of the antiglobulin test for the detection of weak and non-agglutinating Rh antibodies.
- in 1946, they described the use of AHG to detect vivo sensitization of RBCs. (Later called Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) of babies suffering from HDN.

A

Coombs and Associates

50
Q

in 1947, demonstrated that the Ab activity that detected Rh Abs was associated with anti-gamma globulin fraction in the reagent.

A

Coombs and Mourant

51
Q

Early AHG reagents were prepared using a crude globulin fraction as

A

the immunogen.

52
Q

in 1951- presented the first indication that there might be another antibody activity present that influenced the final reaction.

A

Dacie

53
Q

Contains only one Ab specificity
 reagents prepared by separating the specificities of the polyspecific AHG reagents into individual sources of anti-IgG and anti-C3d/anti-C3b.
 Preparation: uses Lab Mice

A

MONOSPECIFIC AHG REAGENTS

54
Q

 Is the product of the fusion of the mouse plasma cell and the malignant myeloma cell.

A

Hybridoma cells( aka immortalized Ab forming
cell)

Bloodbank (1 decks)

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