Lesson Three- Memory

Question 1

What are the three types of memory?

Answer 1

They are; episodic, semantic and procedural.

Question 2

What is procedural memory?

Answer 2

It does not involve conscious thought and is responsible for knowing how to do things. A good example of this is riding a bike. Once we have this knowledge it becomes a procedural memory and we can do this automatically and unconsciously.

Question 3

What is semantic memory?

Answer 3

It is responsible for storing information about the world. This can include our general knowledge as well as knowledge about the meaning of words. They are facts not unique to us. For example, knowing that the capital city of France is Paris. We are conscious of these thoughts.

Question 4

What is episodic memory?

Answer 4

It is responsible for storing information about events that we have experienced in our lives. They are autobiographical memories and based on our own personal experiences. This is also conscious. An example of this would be having memories of your 10th birthday.

Question 5

What are the different types of recall?

Answer 5

Free recall
Recognition recall
And cues recall

Question 6

What is free recall?

Answer 6

The researcher simply asks the participant to repeat back or to write down as many items as they can remember.

Question 7

What is recognition recall?

Answer 7

An example of an experiment is;
The researcher would give the participant a larger list words, including the words on the original list as well as a similar number of words that were not on the list. The participant then has to pick out which words they recognise from the list they learned. In this condition, recall is usually significantly better than free recall.

Question 8

What is cued recall, example?

Answer 8

Cued recall the s linked to a method of learning. In paired associate learning the participant is asked to learn words in linked pairs, for example:
TALL- BUILDING 
BRIGHT- GREEN 
PAPER-CUP 
Participant are later asked to recall the words by being given the first word in each pair:
TALL - ?
BRIGHT - ? 
PAPER -?

Question 9

Define memory.

Answer 9

It is the retention of learning or experience.

Question 10

What are the three processes of memory?

Answer 10

1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval

Question 11

What is the definition of encoding?

Answer 11

This means putting information into storage.

Question 12

What is the definition of storage?

Answer 12

This means keeping stored information.

Question 13

What is the definition of retrieval?

Answer 13

This means getting information back out of storage when required.

Question 14

Describe Encoding.

Answer 14

Any experience we have, any information that comes our way, may be encoded. But in fact a lot of it can be lost. For example you can have a conversation with someone and pay attention to what they say but fail to notice what they are wearing. If so you are more likely to encode and put into storage what was said. We can make an effort to help this encoding process by doing something to the information that makes it more likely to be stored. One of the simplest forms to make up remember is repetition.

Question 15

Describe storage.

Answer 15

Some information is stored in memory over a very long period. For example old people may be able to remember events from their childhood. Information can be lost from storage, particularly if the person has an accident or illness that causes brain damage.

Question 16

Describe retrieval.

Answer 16

Retrieving information from storage may or may not require some effort. Sometimes we try to remember something and only succeed after a struggle. At other times information comes to us without difficulty. Also we sometimes retrieve information even when we are not trying to - memorise just come to us.