lesson one topic one Flashcards
Define Pathogen
infectious micro- organism
Define Infectious disease
Caused by Pathogen
Define Communicable disease
can be spread from person to person, animal to person, object person because they are caused by microorganisms (pathogens)
Define Non-communicable Disease
cannot be spread from person to person. (not caused by pathogens)
Define contagious disease
caused by contact with an infected person, their bodily fluids, or something they touched (i.e. person to person
Define non-contagious
cannot be spread from person to person, but can be spread in other ways (e.g. object to person)
Contagious vs Infectious
anything contagious is always automatically infectious
just because something is infectious does not mean that it is contagious and can be passed person to person
name the bacteria harmless to humans
non-photogenic
define microbiome
help with many body functions such as immune protection and digestion
define photogenic
bacteria that may cause illness or death, even when present in relatively small numbers
how does bacteria cause disease
taking nutrients away from cells, and by producing toxins that can irritate/ kill cells
explain how viruses reproduce
-it injects it’s DNA or RNA into the cell
-the infected cell is then induced to transcribe and translate the genes on the DNA/RNA- which produces more viral particles
-the new virus particles then are able to leave the host cell to infect others
similarities between bacteria and viruses
both can be pathogens
both have genetic materal
differences between bacteria and viruses
bacteria:
larger, slime layer, capsule, cell wall and or cell membrane
viruses:
smaller, protein coat, DNA or RNA, metabolically inactive, invade/hijack a host cell, kill or damage host cell
transmission by contact
involves the spread of the pathogen by actual physical contact:
direct contact- actually touching an infected person
indirect contact-touching an object that has been touched by a infected individual
examples: skin infections and some STIs
transfer of body fluids
when blood or bodily fluids from an infected person come into contact with an uninfected person.
this can be via direct or indirect means
examples - HIV and Hepatitis B and C
transmission by droplets
every time we breathe, talk, sneeze or cough- tiny droplets of moisture are emitted and these contain pathogens
