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Chapter 10: Circulatory System > Lesson D > Flashcards

Lesson D Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 regulatators of arterial blood flow.

A

Autonomic nervous system

Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation

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2
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do to regulate arterial blood flow?

A

Regulates the diameter of arterioles by stimulating the smooth muscles with nerve impulses

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3
Q

What is vasoconstriction? What is an example?

A

The narrowing of blood vessels, allowing less blood in the tissues.

Turning white when frightened

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4
Q

What is vasodilation? What is an example of vasodilation?

A

The widening of blood vessels, allowing more blood to the tissues.

Blushing

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5
Q

What are 3 diseases of the arteries?

A
  1. Atherosclerosis
  2. Arteriosclerosis
  3. Aneurysm
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6
Q

What are Arteries and what do they do?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
The walls are composed of distinct layers
Stretch to accommodate the surge of blood (pulse)
Lead into smaller arteries called arterioles

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7
Q

Explain what atherosclerosis is.

A

A degeneration of blood cells caused by the accumulation of fat deposits in the inner wall.

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8
Q

Explain what arteriosclerosis is.

A

A group of disorders that cause the blood vessels to thicken, harden and lose their elasticity.

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9
Q

What is an aneurysm.

A

A bulge that forms in the wall of the weekend blood vessel, usually an artery.

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10
Q

Explain the 8 point of capillaries.

A

They are composed is a single layer of cells
Where has and other materials exchange between the blood and the tissues
Oxygenated blood appears red
Deoxygenated blood = blue/ purple as leaves capillaries
Protein, water soluble ions, and vitamins pass through
Between 0.4 and 1.0 mm long with a diameter of 0.005mm
Red blood cells flow through single file
Are easily destroyed

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11
Q

What do capillaries merge into?

A

Venules then veins.

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12
Q

What is a venule?

A

A small vein.

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13
Q

List the 4 points about veins.

A

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart

Valves and skeletal muscles work together in a low pressure system to move blood back to the heart

Muscles contract to push against the brain, forcing blood through the valve, to the heart

Act as a blood reserver that can drive blood to the heart during times of stress

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14
Q

What is the hearts role?

A

A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

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15
Q

What is pericardium?

A

A fluid filled membrane that surrounds the heart, preventing friction

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16
Q

What is the septum of the heart?

A

Separates the heart into two parallel pumps, the left and right heart

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17
Q

The heart consists of two parallel pump separated by the septum. The pumping action is ______________.

A

Synchronized

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18
Q

Where is the pulmonary circulatory system?

A

On the right side of the heart.

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19
Q

Where is the systemic circulatory system?

A

On the left side of the heart.

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20
Q

What does the pulmonary circulatory system to do?

A

It receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.

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21
Q

What does the systemic circulatory system do?

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the cells of the body.

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22
Q

What is the heart composed of?

A

The heart is composed of four chambers two atria and two ventricles

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23
Q

What is the atria?

A

A thin-walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins.

24
Q

What is a ventricle?

A

And muscular, thick walled chamber of the heart that delivers a blood to the arteries.

25
Q

What is the atrioventricular valves for?

A

Separate the atria from the ventricles, they prevent blood from flowing back into the atria.

26
Q

What are semilunar valves and what do they do?

A

They are half shaped valves that separate the ventricles from the arteries. They prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles.

27
Q

What is the aorta?

A

The aorta is the largest artery in your body. It carries blood away from heart to the body.

28
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

The branch from the aorta to supply the muscle cells of the heart with oxygen and nutrients.

29
Q

What is coronary bypass operation?

A

When coronary artery is become blocked not enough oxygen reaches the heart muscle. Coronary bypass operation involves removing a vein from another part of the patients body and grafting it to the heart.

30
Q

What method is used today detect coronary artery blockage?

A

Cardiac catheterization.

31
Q

Explain what cardiac catheterization is.

A

A small, thin hollow tube called the catheter is push through an artery from the groin to the aorta and into the heart. Dye is injected into the catheter to show the flow of blood and detect any blockages.

32
Q

What is angioplasty?

A

When a tiny balloon is attached to a catheter so that it can be inflamed to open up the blocked blood vessels

33
Q

What three things are used to set the hearts tempo?

A
  1. Myogenic muscle
  2. Sinoatrial node
  3. Atrioventricular node
34
Q

What is the myogenic muscle?

A

The heart will contract without any extra stimulation.

35
Q

What does the sinoatrial node or SA node do? What is it?

A

The sinoatrial node is a bundle of specialized nerves in the right atrium that sets the rythum of the heart.

36
Q

What does the atrioventricular node do?

A

Conduct nerve impulses through two large nerve fibers (Purkinje fibers) through the septum to the ventricles.

37
Q

What are the two regulatory nervous systems?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

38
Q

What do the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems conduct impulses from?

A

The brain to the SA node

39
Q

What do the sympathetic nerves do?

A

Stimulated during stress

Increase blood flow

40
Q

What do the parasympathetic nerves do?

A

Stimulated during relaxation

Slow the heart rate

41
Q

How does the blood pressure equation work?

A

Systolic over diastolic. Example : 120/80

42
Q

What is systole? What is diastole?

A

Systole is a contraction of the heart. Blood is pushed out of the heart.

Diastole is when atria and ventricles are relaxed, atria is filled with blood.

43
Q

What is the “LUBB”?

A
  1. Atria contract forcing blood through the AV valves
  2. Blood flows into the ventricles
  3. Ventricles contract, slamming the AV value shut. Boom
  4. What is forced out of the semi lunar valves
44
Q

What is “DUBB”?

A
  1. Ventricles relax, blood is drawn in
  2. Blood is prevented from reentering the semilunar valves from the arteries
  3. Semilunar valves close, causing the lighter dubb sound.
45
Q

What is the definition of stroke volume? What is the average stroke volume of a person at rest?

A

The quantity of blood pumped with each beat of the heart.

70ml/ beat

46
Q

What is the definition of cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute

47
Q

What provides the cells with oxygen, glucose and amino acids?

A

The capillaries

48
Q

What are the two forces that regulate the flow of water?

A
  1. Fluid pressure

2. Osmotic pressure

49
Q

What does homeostatic value between the osmotic pressure and fluid pressure cause?

A

Hemoraging
Excessive bleeding
Fluid loss, decrease in blood pressure
Water drawn in from ECF and tissue to increase the blood volume.

50
Q

What does starvation do?

A

Decreased proteins in blood
Fluid drawn in from capillaries
Cause tissue to swell

51
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

Returns proteins that leaked into the ECF from the capillaries, back into the circulatory system.

52
Q

What does blood-pressure depend on?

A

Cardiac output and arterial resistance. Any increase in cardiac output will increase blood pressure. The diameter of the arterial is regulated by smooth muscles. Constriction of smooth muscles around the arterial closes the blood flow and reduces the blood flow through the arterial.

53
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

The maintenance of body temperature within the range that enables the cells to function efficiently.

54
Q

What generates osmotic pressure?

A

Large protein molecules and dissolved minerals

55
Q

What are the two lymphoid organs?

A

The spleen and thymus gland

56
Q

How is high BP regulated?

A

BP receptors in carotid artery and aorta detect BP
Nerve impulse to medulla oblongata
Sympathetic stress nerve impulse decrease
Parasympathetic relaxation nerve impulse increase

57
Q

How is low BP regulated?

A

Sympathetic nerve stimulated-increase blood flow
Increase cardiac output
Arterioles contract

Chapter 10: Circulatory System (1 decks)

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