Lesson 9: Retrieval Failure Flashcards
Retrieval failure -ao1
Forgetting occurs in the absence of appropriate retrieval cues.
When info is initially placed in memory, data associated with this info is stored at the same time. If these retrieval cues are not a ai key at the time of recall, it may appear that you have forgotten, when you just can’t access it at that time
How are retrieval cues linked to memory?
Meaningful way: e.g. ‘STM’ leads to people recalling all sorts of info about STM.
Non-meaningful way: coded at the same time but not meaningfully
Context-dependant forgetting
An environment in which material is learnt acts as retrieval cues. This means that if you recall info in the same environment the. Your recall will be better. If you are not in the same context at retrieval as you were at coding, forgetting can occur
State-Dependant forgetting
An individuals physical state (mood) can affect their recall, research indicates that recall is facilitated if people have a similar physics state at recall as when info was coded. If not, forgetting might occur
Evaluation (+) - Abernethy
Context-dependant cues. He tested participants recall using familiar and unfamiliar instructors and rooms. Those who had familiar rooms and instructors did well because that acted as a retrieval cue.
Evaluation (+) - Godden and Baddeley
They investigated context-dependant cues. They got divers to learn and recall lists of words on dry land or underwater. Words learned and recalled in the same context were better recalled as the environment acted as a retrieval cue to help them remember the words,
Evaluation- Darley- weed (+)
Investigated state-dependant cues: they found tyat people who hid money in a large warehouse under the influence of cannabis were more likely to find the money later under a similar drugged state.
Evaluation- practical (+)
Whenever possible, students should take their exam in the same place they studied for it.
Evaluation- influence (-)
Baddeley argued that the influence of retrieval cues is not very strong. Irl we often recall something in a different context to where we learnt it. Students do not often take their GCSE exams in the classroom where they learned the info they need for that exam.
