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Biochemistry > Lesson 9: Lipids > Flashcards

Lesson 9: Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Lipids

A

-Nonpolar
-Some are Amphipathic (both polar and nonpolar)

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2
Q

Function of Lipids

A

-Energy storage (like glycogen and starch)
-Membrane structure
-Signalling

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3
Q

Fatty Acids General Characteristics

A
  1. Long chain of carboxylic acids
  2. Unbranched
  3. Even-number carbon atoms
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4
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

-Has no C=C bond
-Compact

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5
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

-Reduced number of H-atoms to bond to
-Contains at least 1 C=C bond
-C=C is in cis configuration which can cause bending in the structure
-Less compact

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6
Q

Delta(Δ)

A

-C=O is C1
-List all possible C=C bonds
-Example: 18:2Δ9,12 or 18:2 CΔ9,12

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7
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

-Body needs it but cannot be produced
-Linoleic acid and γ-Linolenic acid

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8
Q

Omega (ω)

A

-Last C is C1
-List only 1 C=C from the end
-For classification; those with similar names have similar functions
-Example: ω-6

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9
Q

Triglycerides

A

-Alcohol backbone: glycerol
-Contain 3 fatty acids
-Ester linkage

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10
Q

Waxes

A

-Alcohol backbon: Long chain of alcohol
-Contain 1 fatty acid
-Ester linkage

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11
Q

Fat

A

-Solid
-Has high % of saturated fatty acids

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12
Q

Oils

A

-Liquid
-Has high % of unsaturated fats

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13
Q

Phospholipids

A

-Alcohol backbone: glycerol or sphingosine
-Has a phosphate group
-May contain a head group (alcohol attached to a P group)

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14
Q

Functions of fats in animals

A

-Energy production
-Heat production
-Insulation

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15
Q

Glycerophospholipid

A

Glycerol+Phosphate

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16
Q

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)

A

HO-(CH2)2NH3+

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17
Q

Phosphatidic acid (PA)

A

-H

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18
Q

Phosphatidylcholine (PC)

A

HO-(CH2)2N+(CH3)3

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19
Q

Phosphatidylserine (PS)

A

HO-(CH2)2CH(COO-)(NH3+)

20
Q

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG)

A

-Has 1 OH and 1 (PO4)^-3

21
Q

Diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)

A

-Has 2 OH and 2 (PO4)^-3

22
Q

Phosphatidylinotisol (PI)

A

-OH coming from inotisol structure (C6H12O6)

23
Q

Sphingolipids

A

Phosphate+Sphingosine

24
Q

Ceramide

A

Sphingosine with fatty acid in amide linkage

25
Q

Sphingomyelin

A

-Alcohol esterified to phospoceramide
-Alcohol components: choline or ethanolamide

26
Q

Cerebroside

A

Sugar: Glc or Gal

26
Q

Glycosphingolipids

A

Ceramides with sugars in β-glycosidic bond

27
Q

Sulfatide

A

Gal with sulfate esterified at C3 of Gal

28
Q

Terpenes

A

-Non-saponfiable (cannot be converted to soap)
-Class of lipids formed from 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene)

28
Q

Ganglioside

A

Ceramide with 3 or more sugars including sialic acid

29
Q

Monoterpene

A

2 Isoprene Units, 10 Carbons

30
Q

Sesquiterpene

A

3 Isoprene Units, 15 Carbons

31
Q

Diterpene

A

4 Isoprene units, 20 carbons

32
Q

Triterpene

A

6 Isoprene units, 30 carbons

33
Q

Tetraterpene

A

8 Isoprene units, 40 carbons

33
Q

Head to tail

A

1-4 link

34
Q

Tail to tail

A

4-4

35
Q

Head to head

A

1-1 link

36
Q

Sterols Characteristics

A

-4 fused rings and a polar head
-Serves as membrane components and as signalling molecules (hormones)

37
Q

Cholesterol

A

Most abundant sterols

38
Q

Steroid

A

-Oxidized derivatives of sterols
-More polar than cholesterol
-Synthesized from cholesterol

39
Q

Bile Salts

A

-Emulsify fat
-Example: Cholic acid and deoxycholic acid

40
Q

Androgen

A

-Male traits
-Example: Testosterone

41
Q

Estrogen

A

-Female traits
-Example: estradiol

42
Q

Progestins

A

-Precursor of testosteron and estradiol
-Example: Progesterone

43
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

-Regulates carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism
-Anti-inflammatory
-Example: Cortisol

44
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

-Electrolyte balance
-Example: Aldosterone

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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