Lesson 9: Lipids Flashcards
Characteristics of Lipids
-Nonpolar
-Some are Amphipathic (both polar and nonpolar)
Function of Lipids
-Energy storage (like glycogen and starch)
-Membrane structure
-Signalling
Fatty Acids General Characteristics
- Long chain of carboxylic acids
- Unbranched
- Even-number carbon atoms
Saturated fatty acids
-Has no C=C bond
-Compact
Unsaturated fatty acid
-Reduced number of H-atoms to bond to
-Contains at least 1 C=C bond
-C=C is in cis configuration which can cause bending in the structure
-Less compact
Delta(Δ)
-C=O is C1
-List all possible C=C bonds
-Example: 18:2Δ9,12 or 18:2 CΔ9,12
Essential fatty acids
-Body needs it but cannot be produced
-Linoleic acid and γ-Linolenic acid
Omega (ω)
-Last C is C1
-List only 1 C=C from the end
-For classification; those with similar names have similar functions
-Example: ω-6
Triglycerides
-Alcohol backbone: glycerol
-Contain 3 fatty acids
-Ester linkage
Waxes
-Alcohol backbon: Long chain of alcohol
-Contain 1 fatty acid
-Ester linkage
Fat
-Solid
-Has high % of saturated fatty acids
Oils
-Liquid
-Has high % of unsaturated fats
Phospholipids
-Alcohol backbone: glycerol or sphingosine
-Has a phosphate group
-May contain a head group (alcohol attached to a P group)
Functions of fats in animals
-Energy production
-Heat production
-Insulation
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerol+Phosphate
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
HO-(CH2)2NH3+
Phosphatidic acid (PA)
-H
Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
HO-(CH2)2N+(CH3)3
Phosphatidylserine (PS)
HO-(CH2)2CH(COO-)(NH3+)
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG)
-Has 1 OH and 1 (PO4)^-3
Diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)
-Has 2 OH and 2 (PO4)^-3
Phosphatidylinotisol (PI)
-OH coming from inotisol structure (C6H12O6)
Sphingolipids
Phosphate+Sphingosine
Ceramide
Sphingosine with fatty acid in amide linkage
