lesson 9-17 word answers Flashcards
What is the moles number for ions, atoms, molecules, and formula unit?
6.022X10^23
What is a molecular formula?
actual number for each atom type in a molecule
what is an empirical formula?
It is the formula giving the lowest possible interger ratio of an element
is C10H5 an empirical formula or molecular formula?
molecular
what is limiting and excess reactants?
inspection and combining ratio
what are stiochiometric coefficents?
coefficients in chemical equation (before compounds)
what is stichiometry?
determing all masses and mass balance check
net ionic equations:
the simplified equation that shows only the ions, molecules compounds involved in change
what compunds are always soluble?
alkali metals ions, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate(NO3-), perchlorate (ClO4-), Chlorates (ClO3-), bicarbonates (HCO3-), acetates (CH3COO-), Nitrates (NO3-)
are Halides soluble?
yes
What insoluable exceptions are for Halides?
Ag+, Hg2^2+, Pb2+
Are sulfates soluable?
yes
are there an insoluable exceptions for sulfates?
yes, Ag+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+
IS LITHIUM BROMIDE SOLUABLE?
YES
IS LEAD (II) SULFATE SOLUABLE?
NO
IS SOFIUM SULFATE SOLUABLE?
YES
IS AMMONIUM SULFIDE SOLUABLE?
YES
WHEN IS A PRODUCT KNOWN TO HAVE NO REACTION?
WHEN NEITHER OF THE COMPUNDS ARE SOLUABLE
WHEN IS A PRODUCT KNOWN AS AN EXHCANGE REACTION?
WHEN ONE OF THE PRODUCTS IS INSOLUABLE
WHAT HAPPPNES IN COMBINATION?
TWO SUBSTANCES COMBINE AND CREATE A THIRD SUBSTANCE TOGETHER
What is this reaction a example of? Fe(S)+O2(G)–> Fe2O3(s)
Combination
What is this equation an example of? CaCO3(s)–> CaO(s)+CO2
Decomposition
What happens in a Decomposition reaction?
A single compund reacts to give two or more substance
What happens in a combustion reaction?
A reaction has a substance with oxygen, causing a rapid release of heat and produces a flame
What is this reaction an example of? C3H8(g)+O2–>CO2(g)+H2O(g)
Combustion
What happens in a displacement reaction?
An element reacts with a compound, displacing another element from the compound
What Reaction example is this? Zn(s)+HCl(aq)–> ZnCl2(aq)+H2(g)
Displacement
what happens in a exchange reaction?
two compounds involves the echange of parts
element+element–>Compound
combination
element+compund–> compound
combination
compound–> smaller compound+ element
decomposition
compound–> elements
decomposition
fuel+O2–>CO2+H2O
combustion
element+compound–> compound+element
displacement
Compound+compound–> compound +compound
exchange
A+B–>AB
Combination
AB–> A+B
decomposition
A+BD–> B+AD
displacement
AB+CD–> AC+BD
exchange
what determines if a substance is electrolyte?
if it dissolves in water and conducts electricity
what determines if a substance is non electrolyte?
if it dissovles in water but doesnt conduct electricity
SOME STRONG ELECTRLYTES:
SOLUABLE SALT, STRONG ACIDS, STRONG BASES
SOME WEAK ELECTRLYTES:
WEAK ACIDS, WEAK BASES, SPARING SOLUABLE SALTS
SOME NONELECTROLYTES:
MOLECULAR COMPOUND THAT ARENT WEAK ACIDS AND WEAK BASES (SUGAR/ALCOHOL)
DEFINITION OF CONCENTRATION-
QUANTITY OF A SUBSTANCE DISSOLVED IN SOME QUANTITY OF ANOTHER SUBSTANCE
DEFINITION OF MOLAR CONCENTRATION-
THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF SOLUTE PER LITER OF TOTAL SOLUTION
UNITS OF CONCENTRATION/ MOLAR CONCENTRATION
MOLES/L OR M
CONCENTRATION EQUATION:
C=MOLES SOLUTE/ LITERS SOLUTION
MOLARITY EQUATION
M=MOL/V(LITER)
DILUTION EQUATION
MiVi=MfVf (M1V1=M2V2
molarity units
mol/L
Volume unit
L
Acids (Arrhenius) definition-
molecules or ions that increases in hydrogen concentration of the solution
Acids (Bronsted) definition
molecule or ion that donates/ transfers a hydrogen to another species
strong acids:
HCl (hydrochloric acid)
HBr (hydrobromic acid)
HI (hydroiodic acid)
HNO3 (nitric acid)
HClO4 (perchloric acid)
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
Weak acids:
HC2H3O2 (acetic acid)
HCO2H (formic acid)
HF (hydrofluoric acid)
HCN (hydrocyanic acid)
Base (Arrhenius) definition
A molecule or ion that increase the OH- concentration of the solution
Base (Bronsted) definition
molecule or ion that accepts a hydrogen proton from another species
strong bases:
LiOH (lithium hydroxide)
NaOH (sodium ‘’)
KOH (potassium ‘’)
Sr(OH)2 (Strontium ‘’)
Ba(OH)2 (Barium ‘’)
neutralization equation:
CaVa=CbVb
what is neutralization based on?
moles acids=moles base
neutralization ratio of 1:2(acid:base)
2CaVa=CbVb
elements in oxidation numbers:
zero
monatomic ions in oxidation numbers:
change of ion
oxygen in oxidation number
-2 (and -1 with H)
hydrogen oxidation number
+1/-1
halogens oxidation number
-1
compund and ions oxidation numbers
sum of zero
oxidation reaction=
oxidation number increased
reduction=
oxidation number decreases
redox=
oxidation numbers increase and decrease
G.E.R
Gain electron reduction
oxidizing agent-
causes something else to be oxidized, it gets reduced in the process
reducing agent-
causes something else to be reduced, it gets oxidized in the process
