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lesson 9+10 Flashcards

1
Q

Commonly known buzzer examples

A

a doorbell, an alarm, or the old phones that played monotone songs.

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2
Q

types of buzzers

A

piezoelectric active buzzer

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3
Q

Buzzersmake sounds by using…

A

specialised discs.

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4
Q

piezoelectric active buzzer is classified as an …because….Without power, the buzzer will be…

A

active buzzer
it has positive and negative terminals.
flat as opposed to having a bulged shape when power is available

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5
Q

20 000 times a second(known as …

A

20 kHz

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6
Q

When alternating the power supply between 0 V and 5 V…

A

a sound can be heard

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7
Q

If a button is pushed once

A

no sound is heard

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8
Q

pushing the button 20 times a second (or more) will cause the button to…

A

make a deep base sound

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9
Q

If the button is pressed even faster, approximately 20 000 times a second (known as 20 kHz), ….

A

a siren sound with a higher pitch is heard.

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10
Q

Pressing the button faster than 20 000times a second would make a ….

A

supersonic sound

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11
Q

Hearing tests use different sound frequencies to …

A

determine the hearing range of the person.

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12
Q

Human hearing typically ranges from

A

20 Hz to 20 000 Hz

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13
Q

tone is used to

A

control the buzzer sounds

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14
Q

photoresistor operates like a …

A

variable resistor

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15
Q

The more light the sensor receives, the less the … and the higher the …

A

resistance
sound pitch

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16
Q

The tone is specified by the … that follows the pin number. The higher the number, the higher the …,and the lower the number, the lower the…

A

number value
tone
tone

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17
Q

the distance between the top of the liquid wave and the surface of the liquid at the bottom is known as…

A

the amplitude of the liquid wave

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18
Q

Some types of energy are also transferred from one place to another by …

A

waves.

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19
Q

example of wave

A

radio waves.

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20
Q

The information from these waves can be stored or transmitted in two different ways…

A

analog or digital

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21
Q

explain analog signals

A

similar to the waves that we see in the sea
They are continuous and have a smooth curve to them
can have different amplitudes depending on the information that they need to carry

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22
Q

explain digital signals
and what does discrete mean

A

known as discrete waves.
digital signals send a wave with a very specific value
there are definite starts and stops to the signal

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23
Q

what is morse code

A

a type of digital signal that uses single beeps and longer beeps that relate to different letters

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24
Q

what are analog devices

A

a combination of both analog machine and analog media or components that combine to measure, reproduce, record or send out information in a continuous manner.

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25
name some analog devices
temperature sensor speedometer alarm clock cell phone battery computer
26
name some digital devices
digital clock digital thermometer LED push button digital speedometers computer
27
A digital system has two output options
1 (high/on) or 0 (low/off)
28
A good example to compare analog to digital devices is a... and describe it
button which is a digital device which is either pushed (1) or not pushed (0)
29
good example of an analog device
a joystick has a lot of movement allowing many output options
30
name and explain the two types of joysticks
Digital joysticks allow the user only to input four directions (up, down, left, and right) or eight directions (up, down,left, right, and 4 diagonals). Analog joysticks allow inputs in all directions
31
Analog signals and devices provide a more ...
accurate representation of data such as light, sound, temperature and position.
32
what does an ADC do
changes the complex data of human senses to simple data bits that can easily be read by a computer
33
ADC stands for The human ability to hear led to the invention of the .... The human ability to see led to the invention of ... The human ability to touch led to the development of ... The human ability to smell led to the invention of ...
Analog to Digital conversions microphone cameras cars machines to analyse gases
34
There are two factors that affect ADC
sample rate resolution
35
Resolution can be compared to .... The more pixels there are,...
pixels on a screen. the clearer the image.
36
what is the finest detail in a signal
Resolution
37
The resolution of an image is the...
smallest square that an image is recreated on
38
variable resistance angles measured in
degree
39
digital response is measured in
bits
40
another name for digital signal
digital response
41
PIR stands for
passive infrared sensor
42
An infrared sensor can be either a sensor that ...
sends out an infrared light (these are called sending sensors) or they can be sensors that detect infrared light (called receiving sensors).
43
The sending sensor usually looks like a... the receiver sensor usually looks like a ...
white LED that sends out the infrared light dark LED that detects infrared light that bounces back
44
Ultrasonic proximity sensors are especially employed in the...
marine life field to find fish, shipwrecks or generate a “map” of what the landscape looks like under all the water.
45
what is the transmitter
The one side of the sensor is the speaker that sends out an ultrasonic noise
46
what is the receiver
the other side of the sensor is the microphone that hears the noise when it bounces off of an object.
47
what can be used to avoid the false detection of objects
Filters or a potentiometer
48
IR sensors are used for ... like...
object detection automated hand sanitisers, hands-free buttons, or motion detection.
49
motion detector specifically uses...that...
a PIR sensor that tracks both heat and infrared light
50
An analog output provides...
values within a range as opposed to a boolean output
51
photoresistor operates like a ... but instead of being adjusted manually, the input automatically varies based on the...
variable resistor amount of light the sensor is exposed to
52
The “analogRead” function ...
converts analog data into a digital variable to be processed by the “sensorValue” function, yielding an integer (“int”).
53
Serial.println(“ ”)”. ..
This will add a new line between the lines generated by different for loop repeats.
53
A single line of code: ...is used to control the buzzer sounds. the first parameter describes the ..., while the second parameter depicts the ...
“tone (pin, frequency)” Arduino pin the buzzer is connected to buzzer frequency
54
Since the Piezo buzzer is an active buzzer,this means that the Piezo will...
make a sound once it is connected to a power source
55
The frequency at which tones are played can be changed, based on the...
analog input variable from the photosensor.
55
A ... is heard when the Potentiometer’s dial is adjusted.
siren effect
55
short leg of the buzzer = long leg of the buzzer =
negative terminal positive terminal
56
Analog signals and devices provide a more accurate representation of data specifically when it comes to physical phenomena such as ...
light, sound, temperature and position.
57
How is resolution important in circuits?
a transfer curve is used to correlate real-world data to a voltage reading. A variable resistor uses different resolution values to change the resistance of a circuit.
58
Potentiometer” (...)
variable resistor
59
Turning the dial of the potentiometer ...will increase the number value on the monitor from 0 to ...(maximum)
anticlockwise 1023
59
The NO port is connected to the ..., and the COM port is connected to the ... acting as the negative terminal that is connected to the negative rail of the Breadboard
Battery Motor
59
high-voltage systems,like a ...
motor or a battery,
60
When the Arduino applies a low voltage to the low-powered side of the Relay, ...
the switch closes, and the motor turns on.
61
A short delay between sample rates is required to ...
allow the programmer to process the sampling data in real time.
62
IR sensors make use of ...that falls within the invisible light spectrum, has a lower frequency, and cannot be seen by the human eye. A camera can be used to visualise the infrared beams emitted by the transmitter, shining a...
infrared light pink-purple colour
63
In a ..., the sensor must be set at the most sensitive to be able to detect objects at the maximum distance from the sensor, while in a highly lit environment, ... will be required to avoid detecting sunlight along with transmitted light originating from returned transmitter light
low light environment low sensitivity
64
IR sensors are used for object detection, .... The motion detector specifically uses a PIR sensor that tracks both ..., as opposed to only infrared light, to detect movement
like automated hand sanitisers, hands-free buttons, or motion detection heat and infrared light
65
the 2-pin IR sensor is wired to provide a digital output to the circuit.
Connect the voltage common collector to the Arduino 5 V pin Connect the sensor GND pin to the Arduino ground pin Connect the digital pin (D0) of the sensor to the Arduino digital pin 2
66
The digital pins provide boolean (binary) outputs (i.e., ).
True/on/1 or False/off/0
67
An Analog Sensor is ... similarly to the Potentiometer
connected and coded
68
too much sunlight will cause ...
high sensor readings

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