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technology > lesson 9+10 > Flashcards

lesson 9+10 Flashcards

1
Q

Commonly known buzzer examples

A

a doorbell, an alarm, or the old phones that played monotone songs.

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2
Q

types of buzzers

A

piezoelectric active buzzer

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3
Q

Buzzersmake sounds by using…

A

specialised discs.

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4
Q

piezoelectric active buzzer is classified as an …because….Without power, the buzzer will be…

A

active buzzer
it has positive and negative terminals.
flat as opposed to having a bulged shape when power is available

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5
Q

20 000 times a second(known as …

A

20 kHz

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6
Q

When alternating the power supply between 0 V and 5 V…

A

a sound can be heard

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7
Q

If a button is pushed once

A

no sound is heard

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8
Q

pushing the button 20 times a second (or more) will cause the button to…

A

make a deep base sound

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9
Q

If the button is pressed even faster, approximately 20 000 times a second (known as 20 kHz), ….

A

a siren sound with a higher pitch is heard.

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10
Q

Pressing the button faster than 20 000times a second would make a ….

A

supersonic sound

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11
Q

Hearing tests use different sound frequencies to …

A

determine the hearing range of the person.

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12
Q

Human hearing typically ranges from

A

20 Hz to 20 000 Hz

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13
Q

tone is used to

A

control the buzzer sounds

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14
Q

photoresistor operates like a …

A

variable resistor

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15
Q

The more light the sensor receives, the less the … and the higher the …

A

resistance
sound pitch

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16
Q

The tone is specified by the … that follows the pin number. The higher the number, the higher the …,and the lower the number, the lower the…

A

number value
tone
tone

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17
Q

the distance between the top of the liquid wave and the surface of the liquid at the bottom is known as…

A

the amplitude of the liquid wave

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18
Q

Some types of energy are also transferred from one place to another by …

A

waves.

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19
Q

example of wave

A

radio waves.

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20
Q

The information from these waves can be stored or transmitted in two different ways…

A

analog or digital

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21
Q

explain analog signals

A

similar to the waves that we see in the sea
They are continuous and have a smooth curve to them
can have different amplitudes depending on the information that they need to carry

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22
Q

explain digital signals
and what does discrete mean

A

known as discrete waves.
digital signals send a wave with a very specific value
there are definite starts and stops to the signal

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23
Q

what is morse code

A

a type of digital signal that uses single beeps and longer beeps that relate to different letters

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24
Q

what are analog devices

A

a combination of both analog machine and analog media or components that combine to measure, reproduce, record or send out information in a continuous manner.

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25
Q

name some analog devices

A

temperature sensor
speedometer
alarm clock
cell phone battery
computer

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26
Q

name some digital devices

A

digital clock
digital thermometer
LED
push button
digital speedometers
computer

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27
Q

A digital system has two output options

A

1 (high/on) or 0 (low/off)

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28
Q

A good example to compare analog to digital devices is a… and describe it

A

button
which is a digital device which is either pushed (1) or not pushed (0)

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29
Q

good example of an analog device

A

a joystick
has a lot of movement allowing many output options

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30
Q

name and explain the two types of joysticks

A

Digital joysticks
allow the user only to input four directions (up, down, left, and right) or eight directions (up, down,left, right, and 4 diagonals).

Analog joysticks
allow inputs in all directions

31
Q

Analog signals and devices provide a more …

A

accurate representation of data
such as light, sound, temperature and position.

32
Q

what does an ADC do

A

changes the complex data of human senses to simple data bits that can easily be read by a computer

33
Q

ADC stands for

The human ability to hear led to the invention of the ….
The human ability to see led to the invention of …
The human ability to touch led to the development of …
The human ability to smell led to the invention of …

A

Analog to Digital conversions
microphone
cameras
cars
machines to analyse gases

34
Q

There are two factors that affect ADC

A

sample rate
resolution

35
Q

Resolution can be compared to ….
The more pixels there are,…

A

pixels on a screen.
the clearer the image.

36
Q

what is the finest detail in a signal

A

Resolution

37
Q

The resolution of an image is the…

A

smallest square that an image is recreated on

38
Q

variable resistance angles measured in

A

degree

39
Q

digital response is measured in

A

bits

40
Q

another name for digital signal

A

digital response

41
Q

PIR stands for

A

passive infrared sensor

42
Q

An infrared sensor can be either a sensor that …

A

sends out an infrared light
(these are called sending sensors)

or they can be sensors that detect infrared light (called receiving sensors).

43
Q

The sending sensor usually looks like a…
the receiver sensor usually looks like a …

A

white LED that sends out the infrared light
dark LED that detects infrared light that bounces back

44
Q

Ultrasonic proximity sensors are especially employed in the…

A

marine life field to find fish, shipwrecks or generate a “map” of what the landscape looks like under all the water.

45
Q

what is the transmitter

A

The one side of the sensor is the speaker that sends out an ultrasonic noise

46
Q

what is the receiver

A

the other side of the sensor is the microphone that hears the noise when it bounces off of an object.

47
Q

what can be used to avoid the false detection of objects

A

Filters or a potentiometer

48
Q

IR sensors are used for … like…

A

object detection
automated hand sanitisers, hands-free buttons, or motion detection.

49
Q

motion detector specifically uses…that…

A

a PIR sensor
that tracks both heat and infrared light

50
Q

An analog output provides…

A

values within a range as opposed to a boolean output

51
Q

photoresistor operates like a … but instead of being adjusted manually, the input automatically varies based on the…

A

variable resistor
amount of light the sensor is exposed to

52
Q

The “analogRead” function …

A

converts analog data into a digital variable to be processed by the “sensorValue” function, yielding an integer (“int”).

53
Q

Serial.println(“ ”)”. ..

A

This will add a new line between the lines generated by different for loop repeats.

53
Q

A single line of code: …is used to control the buzzer sounds.

the first parameter describes the …, while the second parameter depicts the …

A

“tone (pin, frequency)” Arduino pin the buzzer is connected to
buzzer frequency

54
Q

Since the Piezo buzzer is an active buzzer,this means that the Piezo will…

A

make a sound once it is connected to a power source

55
Q

The frequency at which tones are played can be changed, based on the…

A

analog input variable from the photosensor.

55
Q

A … is heard when the Potentiometer’s dial is adjusted.

A

siren effect

55
Q

short leg of the buzzer =
long leg of the buzzer =

A

negative terminal
positive terminal

56
Q

Analog signals and devices provide a more accurate representation of data specifically when it comes to physical phenomena such as …

A

light, sound, temperature and position.

57
Q

How is resolution important in circuits?

A

a transfer curve is used to correlate real-world data to a voltage reading. A variable resistor uses different resolution values to change the resistance of a circuit.

58
Q

Potentiometer” (…)

A

variable resistor

59
Q

Turning the dial of the potentiometer …will increase the number value on the monitor from 0 to …(maximum)

A

anticlockwise
1023

59
Q

The NO port is connected to the …, and the COM port is connected to the … acting as the negative terminal that is connected to the negative rail of the Breadboard

A

Battery
Motor

59
Q

high-voltage systems,like a …

A

motor or a battery,

60
Q

When the Arduino applies a low voltage to the low-powered side of the Relay, …

A

the switch closes, and the motor turns on.

61
Q

A short delay between sample rates is required to …

A

allow the programmer to process the sampling data in real time.

62
Q

IR sensors make use of …that falls within the invisible light spectrum, has a lower frequency, and cannot be seen by the human eye. A camera can be used to visualise the infrared beams emitted by the transmitter, shining a…

A

infrared light
pink-purple colour

63
Q

In a …, the sensor must be set at the most sensitive to be able to detect objects at the maximum distance from the sensor, while in a highly lit environment, … will be required to avoid detecting sunlight along with transmitted light originating from returned transmitter light

A

low light environment
low sensitivity

64
Q

IR sensors are used for object detection, …. The motion detector specifically uses a PIR sensor that tracks both …, as opposed to only infrared light, to detect movement

A

like automated hand sanitisers, hands-free buttons, or motion detection

heat and infrared light

65
Q

the 2-pin IR sensor is wired to provide a digital output to the circuit.

A

Connect the voltage common collector to the Arduino
5 V pin
Connect the sensor GND pin to the Arduino ground pin
Connect the digital pin (D0) of the sensor to the Arduino digital pin 2

66
Q

The digital pins provide boolean (binary) outputs (i.e., ).

A

True/on/1 or False/off/0

67
Q

An Analog Sensor is … similarly to the Potentiometer

A

connected and coded

68
Q

too much sunlight will cause …

A

high sensor readings

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