Lesson 8: The Biological Approach (Neurochemistry)

Question 1

Neurochemistry- neurotransmitters

Answer 1

Neurotransmitters – Neurons (cells in the nervous system) communicate with each other by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters. Biological psychologists argue that neurotransmitter levels can affect the behaviour of an individual (e.g. low serotonin levels have been linked to depression).

Question 2

Neurochemistry- hormones

Answer 2

Hormones - Hormones are released as part of the endocrine system through glands. Biological psychologists argue that hormone levels in the system can affect the behaviour of an individual (e.g. high testosterone levels have been linked to aggressive behaviour)

Question 3

Positives of the biological approach

Answer 3

• The biological approach uses the scientific method, particularly the use of the experimental method, as its main source of investigation. Experimental studies take place in highly controlled environments so that other researchers are able to replicate research studies under the same experimental conditions, thus adding to the reliability of the research.
• The biological approach has practical applications. For example, knowledge about the neurochemical imbalance in depression (low serotonin) has led to the development of drug treatments (SSRIs), which correct this imbalance.
• If people know they have a genetic predisposition for a mental disorder, such as schizophrenia, this gives them an opportunity to avoid environmental situations likely to trigger this predisposition or to develop coping skills that would protect them from its potential influence.

Question 4

Negatives of the biological approach

Answer 4

• The biological approach is biologically reductionist. Reductionism is the belief that complex human behaviour can be explained by breaking it down into its smallest component parts, such as the action of genes, neurotransmitters and hormones. Critics argue that we cannot fully understand behaviour without taking account of all the different factors which influence it. These include cognitive, emotional and cultural factors, all of which have a significant
  influence on behaviour.
• Recent studies suggesting a genetic basis for criminal behaviour has led to concerns about how this information could be used. It could lead to genetic screening of populations to identify genetic susceptibilities and subsequent discrimination against those with a genetic predisposition to crime.