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AP GOV > Lesson 8 > Flashcards

Lesson 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Myth of the Presidency as a Powerhouse

A

Distorts the public image of the presidency

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2
Q

Presidential Power

A

The power to persuade, NOT command

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3
Q

Fundamental Paradox at the heart of the Presidency

A

Americans want to believe in the idea of a powerful president, but dislike the concentration of power that would make this degree of authority possible

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4
Q

The president must be… (3)

A

1) at least 35
2) natural born citizen
3) resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years

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5
Q

All presidents have been_____ except_______

A
  • WASPS

- JFK, Barack Obama

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6
Q

What are WASPS ?

A

White, Anglo-Saxon, protestants

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7
Q

How do most presidents reach high office? What are presidents guaranteed?

A
  • through the electoral process

- 4 year term by the Constitution

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8
Q

22nd Amendment

A
  • Ratified in 1951

- limits the president to 2 terms or 10 years

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9
Q

How many presidents have served 2 terms?

A

25%

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10
Q

20% of presidents….

33% of ….

A
  • have reached high office from being VP upon the death or resignation of the prez
  • twentieth century presidents were “accidental”
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11
Q

The selection of the VP is…

A

-a strategic choice typically intended to win over a particular state or region of the country

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12
Q

What is the only Constitutional duty of the VP? How involved are VP’s today?

A
  • To serve as president of the senate and to break votes in case of a tie
  • recent presidents have heavily involved their VP’s in policy making and diplomacy
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13
Q

What reasons can the House of Representatives impeach a President?

A

1) treason
2) bribery
3) high crimes and misdemeanors

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14
Q

Define impeach

A

Formally accuse of wrongdoing

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15
Q

What does impeachment require? Who hears the charges?

A
  • majority vote in the house

- charges are first heard by the House Judiciary Committee, which makes a recommendation to the full House

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16
Q

In 1974…

A

The House Judiciary Committee recommended impeach,ent charges against Nixon
-he resigned before the full House had a vote

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17
Q

What two Presidents have been impeached? What year?

A
  • Andrew Johnson: 1868

- Bill Clinton: 1998

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18
Q

If the House votes to impeach…

In the Senate chamber…

A
  • the Senate will hold the trail

- the chief justice of the supreme court presides

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19
Q

How can the senate convict and remove the president?

A

By a 2/3 vote

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20
Q

25th Amendment

A
  • permits the VP to become the President if the VP and the president’s cabinet determine the president is disabled
  • the president can declare his own disability
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21
Q

On what 2 occasions did the VP take over for short time?

A

George W. Bush(2002,2007) transferred presidency to Dick Cheney

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22
Q

What does the 25th amendment outline?

A

Procedures for how the president can reclaim office

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23
Q

What happens if the office of VP becomes vacant?

A

The prez nominates a new VP, who assumes office when both houses of congress approve

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24
Q

What 2 times dis the office of VP become vacant ?

A

1) Nixon named Ford VP following Spiro Agnews resignation in 1973
2) Ford named Nelson Rockefeller VP in 1974

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25
Q

What is the order of succession?

A

VP
Speaker
President pro tempore of the senate
Cabinet members in chronological order of departments creation

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26
Q

President pro tempore

A

Oldest person of the majority party in the senate

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27
Q

Name 4 cabinet members

A

1) Sec. of State
2) Sec. of Treasury
3) Sec. of defense
4) attorney general

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28
Q

Presidency today

A

More robust and organized than the presidency conceived by framers

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29
Q

What are the 4 presidency powers derived from the constitution ?

A

1) national security
2) legislative
3) administrative
4) judicial

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30
Q

National Security Powers (4)

A

1) commander in chief of the armed forces
2) make treaties with other nations, subject to agreement of 2/3 of the senate
3) nominate ambassadors, subject to agreement with senate majority
4) receive ambassadors from other nations

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31
Q

Legislative Powers(5)

A

1) present information on the state of the union to Congress
2) recommend legislation to Congress
3) convene both chambers of congress on extraordinary occasions (rare)
4) adjourn Congress if the house and senate cannot agree on adjournment (rare)
5) veto legislation

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32
Q

Administrative Powers (4)

A

1) take care of that the laws be faithfully executed
2) appoint officials as provided for by Congress and subject to agreement of senate majority
3) request written opinions of administrative officials
4) fill administrative vacancies during congressional recesses

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33
Q

How can Congress override a veto?

A

With a 2/3 vote in each chamber

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34
Q

Judicial Powers

A
  • grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses (except impeachment)
  • appoint federal judges with the agreement of senate majority
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35
Q

What is one of the President’s most important roles?

A

Presiding over the administration of government(bureaucracy)

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36
Q

What does the bureaucracy include? How much does it spend ?

A
  • More than 4mill civilian and military employees

- more than $2.5trill annually

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37
Q

How does the president exert control over the bureaucracy? What officials does the president appoint ?

A
  • by appointing top level administrators

- officials who share the president’s ideas and priorities

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38
Q

How many high level positions are available for new presidents to appoint

A

500

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39
Q

Presidents have the power to…

this is a result of…..

A

-recommend agency budgets to Congress (result of the Budgeting and Accounting Act of 1921)

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40
Q

Every President has had….

Even though it is not….

A
  • a presidential cabinet

- mentioned in the constitution

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41
Q

Size of the Cabinet

A

Has expanded over the years as Congress has created new agencies

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42
Q

Todays cabinet includes…

A
  • 13 secretaries

- attorney general

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43
Q

The President may designate other officials as cabinet members. True or false?

A

True

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44
Q

The Executive Office of the President includes what 3 major policymaking bodies?

A

1) National Security Council (NSC)
2) Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)
3) Office of Management and Budget(OMB)

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45
Q

National Security Council (NSC) (3)

A

1) links prez’s key foreign and military policy advisors
2) advises president on matters of national security
3) monitors the implementation of national securit policy

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46
Q

Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) (3)

A

1) consists of 3 people
2) prepares Annual Report of of the Council of Economic Advisors
3) helps prez make policy on inflation, unemployment, and economic matters

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47
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)(2)

A

1) helps prepare prez budget

2) advises prez on budgetary implications of policy proposals

48
Q

What does the White House Staff include?

A

Key aids the president sees daily: chief of staff, press secretary, national security advisor, etc. (prez turns to them first )

49
Q

What does the prez rely on the staff for ?

A
  • information
  • policy options
  • analysis
50
Q

Why is the White House Staff sometimes referred to as the West Wing?

A

-reference to that part of the White House where staff offices(and oval office) are located

51
Q

What is the White House Office? How often do the presidents see these people?

A
  • A non policymaking agency within the Executive Office of the President
  • rarely
52
Q

What does the White House Office provide?

A

Provides the prez with a wide range of services , such as travel prep and responding to mail

53
Q

The First Lady

A

Not and official government position

54
Q

Two Different Models of a First Lady

A

1) Behind the Scenes
- choose noncontroversial advocacy issue to promote and advance
2) Front and Center
- actively assists prez with policymaking

55
Q

Examples of Behind the Scenes First Ladies

A

Laura Bush, Michelle Obama, Nancy Reagan

56
Q

Examples of non controversial issues

A

Laura Bush=literacy
Michelle Obama=child obesity
Melania Trump= cyber bullying

57
Q

Example of controversial issue

A

Hillary Clinton=health care

58
Q

The president is the….

A
  • major shaper of congressional agenda

- chief legislator

59
Q

The president does what to legislation?

A

Signs or vetoes it

60
Q

How is the threat of a presidential veto an effective tool?

A

It influences Congress

61
Q

If the Prez does nothing with with a bill within 10 days…

A

It automatically becomes a law

62
Q

Pocket Veto

A

If Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill, and the prez takes no action, the bill dies

63
Q

Why would a prez let a pocket veto happen?

A

-less harsh, says he will sign it if it is changed

64
Q

How many presidential vetoes have been overridden

A

3%

65
Q

In 1996…

A

Congress gave prez a line item veto for appropriations bills… this was ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court in Clinton v City of NY(1998)

66
Q

The president os highly dependent on hos party to…

A

Move the presidential agenda through Congress

67
Q

It is difficult for the president to…

A

Lead his party in Congress since each member is simultaneously being influenced by interest groups and his or her own constituents

68
Q

What do Republicans tend to do?

A

Rally behind their presidents more cohesively than Democrats

69
Q

If a party member wishes to oppose the White House…

A

There is little the prez can do (another indication of weak political parties)

70
Q

What is the most effective means for increasing presidential influence in Congress?

A

To increase the number of fellow party members in Congress

71
Q

The Theory of Presidential Coattails

A

Posits that members of Congress will benefit at the ballot box when the prez belongs to their party… this theory is NOT supported by evidence

72
Q

What is a midterm election? What happens?

A
  • elections between presidential election cycles

- prez’s party party usually loses seats in Congress

73
Q

What is the current trend?

A

Divided government which impedes the prez since his party does not control both houses(not divided rn with Trump)

74
Q

Who does the President need support from?

Why?

A
  • opposition party

- to advance the presidential agenda… this can be very difficult

75
Q

Presidents with high public approval ratings(current 43%)…

A

Able to influence Congress more readily

76
Q

When do members of Congress take risks? What do strong poll numbers do?

A
  • when they oppose a popular prez

- give the prez greater leverage, not greater control

77
Q

What does the prez like to claim after a decisive electoral victory? What does this mean?

A
  • mandate
  • they like to claim that they won by such a large margin that the public has expressed unquestioning support for their agenda, and that Congress should realize this and waste no time turning the prez policies into law
78
Q

A president with strong political skills can….

these skills include….

A
  • increase his influence in Congress
    1) bargaining
    2) making personal appeals
    3) consulting with Congress
    4) setting priorities
    5) exploiting “honeymoon” periods
79
Q

What is the president granted by Congress?

A

The greatest amount of deference in matters of foreign policy/national security

80
Q

Though Congress has the power to declare war…

A

Modern presidents have established a kind of informal authority to commit troops to battle as discretion dictates

81
Q

War Powers Act(1973)

A

Requiring withdrawal of forces fro, combat zones within 60 days unless Congress passes a war resolution or grants an extension

82
Q

How do presidents deal with War Powers Act?

A

Have ignored it, believing it to be akin to a legislative veto of perfectly lawful executive action

83
Q

Powers of Supply and Demand

A
  • Framers divided it between the legislative and executive:

- congress can refuse to fund prez actions, prez can refuse to act on a funded congressional initiative

84
Q

The true role of congress in modern times

A

The oversight of executive foreign policy actions rather than the originator of policy

85
Q

Does the prez have more success with leading congress on matters of foreign policy or domestic policy?

A

Foreign

86
Q

What does the prez extend?

A

Diplomatic recognition to foreign governments

87
Q

Who does the prez negotiate treaties with?

A

Foreign nations, as well as executive agreements (don’t require senate approval)

88
Q

The prez conducts foreign policy through…

A

Envoys/ambassadors, but occasionally engages in personal diplomacy

89
Q

Why is the prez the commander in chief ?

A

Since Framers consisted on civilian control of military

90
Q

The “football”

A

Briefcase containing the codes to launch a nuclear strike-never far from prez

91
Q

The Prez is also the nation’s

A

De facto crisis manager

-while most crises are international in nature, some are domestic(hurricane katrina)

92
Q

Crises are…

A

Rarely a president’s doing, but can be the president’s undoing if badly handled

93
Q

What is the presidents greatest challenge? What has this resulted in? And how does the public repond?

A
  • Winning and maintaining public support

- the use of public relations techniques similar to those used by marketers –respond with cynicism

94
Q

Every prez since JFK(except Nixon)…

A

Has made frequent public appearances to communicate with the public

95
Q

What roles does the presidency combine?

A

Head of state and head of government.

96
Q

As has of state, what does the president symbolically represent?

A

U.S. on the international stage

97
Q

Ceremonial activities the prez performs as head of state(3)

A

1) state dinners
2) military funerals
3) visits to foreign capitals

98
Q

Presidential approval ratings are the product of what 4 factors

A

1) presidents handling of policy
2) presidents character and tone
3) rally events
4) scandal, or perception of it

99
Q

What do the president’s staff and advisors go through great lengths to do?

A

To control and choreograph how the president appears to the public

100
Q

How must the prez use his authority of office as? What is this?

A

-bully pit: perch from which to preach his agenda and sell it to the American people with persuasive appeals

101
Q

Where do presidents frequently make arguments for their policy?

A

Television (Obama frequently implored the public to “call your legislators and ask them to support)

102
Q

What is a rally?

A

Major, often unforeseen occurrences that can cause a presidents approval ratings to spike(george w. Bush after 9/11)

103
Q

What is an important part of the president’s effort to lead public opinion?

A

Relations with the press

104
Q

Why is there a natural conflict between the president and the press?

A

The prez wants to control the flow of info to the public, the press wants all the info and they want it now

105
Q

President’s Press Secretary

A

Gives daily press briefings and answers questions

106
Q

Highest profile interaction between president and the press

A

Presidential press conference

107
Q

Presidential Press Conference

A

Notoriously poor method for journalists to obtain meaningful information

108
Q

How is media coverage of the president described ?

A

As body watch

109
Q

Define Body Watch

A

What the president is talking about, where he is traveling to, who he is feuding with, etc….there is far more of this type of coverage than analysis of presidential policies

110
Q

What do presidents often allege about the press?

A

The press produces more negative than positive news stories about their administrations

111
Q

What have studies shown about the media?

A

The media does not have a systematic bias against presidents

112
Q

Concerns about the Presidency (3)

A

1) too much power?
2) with divided gov, checks and balances, and partisan gridlock, does prez face too many limitations to act?
3) do prez actions expand scope of gov?

113
Q

Writing the state of the union (4)

A

1) evidence
2) fact checking
3) mention person… have them sit in first lady box
4) speech writers

114
Q

What is legislative veto?

A

Congressional technique ruled unconstitutional in 1983

115
Q

Line item veto

A

Prez signs in parts of laws he likes

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