Lesson 8 Flashcards
1
Q
These are non routine Laboratory tests that may not only involve additional preparation and procedure but may require other specimens such as urine or feces
A
Special collection procedures
2
Q
Purpose-determines the blood type and Rh factor
no special requirements
A
Blood Bank:Blood type and screen
3
Q
Purpose-checks compatibility between the donors and the recipient’s blood
A
Blood Bank: Cross-match
4
Q
The special requirements for Blood Bank: Cross-match is
Patients ________ or _______ and donors _________
A
Serum
Plasma
RBC
5
Q
Purpose- determines the presence of infection, identifies the type of organism involved and measures the extent of infection
A
Blood culture
6
Q
What are the special requirements for blood culture
(Numbers ni tanan)
Blood volume should be __ to _____ per culture with a minimum of _____ per draw for patients weighing more than __ pounds for infants it should only be __ to __ of the total blood volume.
A
20 to 30 mL
10 mL
80 pounds
1% to 4%
7
Q
Purpose - evaluates the blood clotting function
A
Coagulation test
8
Q
Special requirements of coagulation test
_________ are avoided by gently inverting ______________ tubes ____ to ____ times after collection
A
Microclots
Anticoagulants
3-4
9
Q
Purpose -screens for diabetes and other metabolic disorders
A
2-hour post prandial Glucose
10
Q
What is the special requirements for post prandial Glucose
Must be obtained _ hours after ____
A
2 hours after meal
11
Q
Purpose: Diagnoses problems in carbohydrate metabolism and checks the ability to metabolize glucose through the tolerance test
A
Glucose Tolerance test (GGT) and Oral Glucose Tolerance test (OGTT)
12
Q
A
13
Q
Special requirements for GGT and OGTT
_______ for gestational diabetes and ______ for other glucose metabolism evaluation
A
1 hour
3 hours
14
Q
Purpose: determines the lack of mucosal lactase which is responsible for conversation of lactose into glucose
A
Lactose tolerance test
15
Q
Same procedure as 2-hour GTT but an equal amount of ________ is substituted for ________
A
Lactose
Glucose
16
Q
Purpose: verifies the probability that the patient fathered a particular child
A
Paternity/parentage test
17
Q
Special requirements for paternity test
Follows the ___________ protocol and ______________ procedures
A
Chain-of-custody protocol
Specific identification procedures
18
Q
Purpose: tests the drug levels at specific intervals to establish proper drug dosage and avoid toxicity
A
Therapeutic drug monitoring
19
Q
Special requirements of therapeutic drug monitoring
Collection timing should include _____ and _____ levels
A
Peak and trough
(Hinomdomi ni Kay feel nako mo guwas)
20
Q
Purpose: treats polycythemia and hemochromatosis
A
Therapeutic phlebotomy
21
Q
Special requirements of therapeutic phlebotomy
Involves withdrawal of approximately ________ as part of the treatment
A
500 mL
22
Q
Purpose: Check the presence of toxins in the blood,hair, urine, and other substances
A
Toxicology test
23
Q
Special requirements of toxicology test
Toxins usually exist in _________ amounts
A
Very small
24
Q
Purpose: checks the presence of aluminum, arsenic, copper, lead, iron, and zinc
A
Trace elements
25
Special requirements for trace elements
Measured in _______ amounts
Small
26
It is important in determining which blood product can be safely used for blood transfusion.
Blood Bank specimen
27
What test tube is used in collecting blood bank specimen
EDTA tube (lavender)
Red top tube as an alternative
28
Blood banks can use special identification systems such as
ID bracelets
29
Blood banks conduct tests in the laboratory to ensure that the donated Blood is ___________________
safe for blood transfusion
30
Blood bank tests include typing the ______________ and screening for ______________.
Typing blood for transfusion
Screening for infectious disease
31
There are cases when there is a need to conduct a ___________ test
to eliminate blood related compatibility issues that arise between patient and donor
Cross-match
32
It is done mainly for the purpose of blood transfusion
Blood donor collection
33
Blood donors should be __ to __ years of age, with a minimum weight of ___ lbs.
17 to 66 years
110 lbs
34
Blood donors must have completed the ___________ and declared their ____________.
Physical exam
Medical history
35
The ______ or ______ from the patient mixed with the _____ of the donors to check for compatibility
Plasma
Serum
RBC
36
The unit of blood can be separated into ___, _____ and _______ but these should still be traceable to the donor
RBC
plasma
platelets
37
Under the ______________, patients should be notified when the donor has been diagnosed positive for a disease
Look-back program
38
The patient donates blood for their own use especially for elective surgeries.
Autologous donation
(Feel nako mo guwas pud ni siya)
39
After securing a written permission from the physician, blood can be collected within a minimum of ________ from the surgery schedule
72 hours
40
The blood of the patient is salvaged (during surgical procedure), washed, and re infused after testing for residual free hemoglobin.
Cell salvaging
41
Is a test that checks the blood for pathogens for patients who have fever of unknown origin(FUO)
Blood culture
42
Bacteria in blood causes
Bacteremia
43
Presence of microorganisms and toxins in the blood causes
Septicemia
44
The physician orders blood culture if there is a probability of ________________________
Bloodstream microorganism invasion
45
The collection should have _ to _ blood culture sets placed in special bottles one _______ and one _______ that were drawn __to__ minutes apart
2-4
Aerobic (with air)
Anaerobic (without air)
30-60
46
It is crucial in the blood collection procedure because it prevents the contamination microbial flora in the skin which alter results
Skin antisepsis
47
To minimize the risk friction rub of the collection sites is performed for about __ to __ seconds using tincture iodine
30-60
48
Three ways to inoculate the medium
1.Directly into the bottle
2.Collected in a syringe (after collection)
3.through an intermediate collection tube (in the laboratory)
49
A butterfly and a specially designed holder are used
Direct inoculation
50
Blood is transferred to the culture bottles after completing the draw using a safety transfer device, which is activated as soon as the needle is removed from the site.
Syringe method
51
It is performed in the laboratory rather than at the patients bedside but not recommended because it increases the concentration of sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPF)
Use of Intermediate collection tube
52
A physician requests these tests to assess the Blood clotting functions
Especially if the patient has an unexplained bleeding.
Coagulation tests
53
Coagulation tests include these 3 tests
1.prothrombin time (PT)
2.activated partial thromboplastin time(aPPT)
3.thrombin time(TT)
54
This blood test is done to check if the patient is suffering from diabetes
2 hour postprandial glucose (2-hour PP)
55
This test is used to monitor insulin therapy
2 hour postprandial glucose (2-hour PP)
56
A patient that could be suffering from carbohydrate metabolism problems is subjected to this test
Glucose tolerance test (GTT)
57
Glucose tolerance test is also called the
Oral glucose tolerance test
(OGTT)
58
The GTT length is ________ for gestational diabetes while it is ________ for other evaluation
1 hour
3 hours
59
Before the procedure the patient must eat a balanced meal containing approximately ______ of carbohydrates for __ days and must fast for __ to ____ before the scheduled test
150 grams
3 days
12-16 hours
60
61
Drinking water is allowed to avoid dehydration and because ____________ is also collected as part of the test
Urine specimen
62
It measures the ability of the body to process lactose and determine ls if the patient lacks mucosal lactase
Lactose tolerance test
63
It is an enzyme that converts lactose into glucose or galactose
Mucosal Lactase
64
______________________ and ________ follow after after ingestion of milk or food containing lactose for those who lack the _______ enzyme
Gastrointestinal distress and diarrhea
Lactase
65
Is a test performed to exclude the possibility of paternity of a particular child.
Paternity/parentage testing
66
Before the advent of DNA testing, testing for parentage involved ____ and _____ typing and basic _____________ testing
ABO and RH typing
Basic red cell antigen testing
67
DNA paternity testing uses __________________ or ____________ to establish parentage by providing genetic proof
Genetic fingerprinting
DNA profiling
68
2 other methods aside from DNA paternity testing used today
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
69
Measures drug levels at designated intervals so that appropriate dosage can be established and maintained for the patient, this avoiding toxicity.
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
70
In TDM what is the maximum amount in the blood stream which screens drug toxicity
Peak
71
72
In TDM what is the Minimum level which ensures that the levels are within therapeutic range
Trough
73
It is performed by drawing a large volume of blood about 500 mL from the patient as part of the treatment procedure for polycythemia and hemochromatosis
Therapeutic phlebotomy
(I remember Ang 500mL)
74
Is the overproduction of red blood cells that is harmful for the patient
Polycythemia
75
Is characterized by excessive iron deposits in the tissues which could be due to problems with iron metabolism caused by multiple blood transfusions or excessive intake of iron.
Hemochromatosis
76
The removal of blood is done when hematocrit exceed certain levels
Therapeutic phlebotomy for polycythemia
77
The procedure is done through the periodic removal of single units of blood which will gradually deplete the excess iron in the body
Therapeutic phlebotomy for hemochromatosis
78
Involves the collection of blood,hair,urine, and other substances from the body for the purpose of determining the presence of toxins which could be in very small amounts
Toxicology test
79
For _____________ there is a need to track the specimen from the time of collection until the time that the results are released using a special protocol called _________
Forensic specimen
Chain of custody
80
These tests are usually ordered for purposes related to treatment, but could also be for industrial or job related reasons such as insurance claims or programs and employee drug screening
Blood alcohol tests (ethenol [ETOH])
81
The law enforcement department orders these types of test for individuals involved in traffic related accidents
blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
82
Companies, healthcare organizations, and sports associations subject their potential employees for these types of tests as part of their pre-employment requirement
Drug screening
83
Checks for the presence of aluminum, arsenic, copper, lead, iron, zinc.
Trace elements/mineral testing
84
What color is the trace elements free tubes
Royal blue stopper
85
86
It is any analytical test that is done outside the centralized laboratory and near the site where the patient receives treatment
Point-of-care testing (POCT)
87
What is the other name for (POCT)
alternate site testing (AST)
88
In POCT the testing ranges from a simple procedure such as ________ or a __________ which is handheld to an automated molecular test using portable analyzers and imagining system
Dipstick
Glucose meter
89
__________ and ____________ procedures should be followed during the conduct of POCT to maintain the accuracy of the results.
Quality control (QC) and maintenance procedure
90
In the effort to continuously improve the healthcare service provided to the patients manufacturers have enhanced their instruments to include ______________________ which can detect specimen related problems
Electronic quality controls (EQCs)
91
Under coagulation monitoring by POCT
________ and _________ therapy can be evaluated using a coagulation POCT analyzer.
Warfarin
Heparin
92
The common coagulation tests checked under coagulation monitoring by POCT (5)
1.Prothrombin time (PT)
2.international normalized ratio (INR)
3.activsted partial thromboplastin time (APTT or PTT)
4. Activated clotting time(ACT)
5.platelet function
93
Available POCT instruments (5)
1.Cascade POC --- ACT, APPT, PT/INR
2.CoaguChek Xs Plus --- PT/INR
3. Gem Premier 4000 --- ACT, APPT, PT/INR
4.i-STAT --- ACT,PT/INR
5.Verify Now --- platelet function
(Di guro ni mo guwas pero Ako nalang gi apil)
94
Is a non instrumented test ordered by a physician to evaluate the capillaries for platelet plug formation, which is indicative of disorder in the platelet function or problems involving hemostasis
Bleeding time (BT) Test
95
Many healthcare institutions have supported the use of POCT for _________________________ and ___________ in selected settings such as the emergency department, pulmonary unit, neonatal
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Electrolytes
96
This test measures the level of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acid-base (Ph) in the blood.
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
97
ABG measured by POCT methods include these (4)
1.Ph
2.Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO_2)
3.partial pressure of oxygen (PO_2)
4.oxygen saturation (SO_2)
98
Refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Ph
99
This tests checks the balance of the acid-base level, which shows the metabolic and respiratory status of the patient.
Arterial pH test
100
Normal range of blood pH is __ to __ only
7.35-7.45
101
Is an indicator of how well air is exchanged between the blood and lungs
PCO_2
102
This happens when PCO_2 level increases to an abnormal level
Hypoventilation
103
Occurs when PCO_2 levels decreases to an abnormal level
Hyperventilation
104
Represents the pressure exerted by dissolved O_2 and the ability of the lungs to diffuse oxygen through the alveoli which is used to measure the effectiveness of oxygen therapy
PO_2
105
This is used to evaluate the oxygenation status of the patient.
It up measures the percentage of the binding site of hemoglobin Thai id occupied by oxygen in the blood
SO_2
106
A normal person exhibits __% oxygen saturation
98
107
Aid in moving nutrients in the body and removes wastes in the cells of the body
Electrolytes
108
This electrolyte helps keep the normal balance of fluids in the body as well as playing a role in transmitting nerve impulses
Sodium
109
Elevated level of sodium is called
Hypernatremia
110
Reduced level of sodium is called
hyponatremia
111
Is an electrolyte that helps in nerve conduction and muscle function.
Potassium
112
Increased blood potassium is called
hyperkalemia
113
Decreased blood potassium is called
Hypokalemia
114
This electrolyte maintains the integrity of the cells by balancing the osmotic pressure as well as the acid-base and water balance of the body
Chloride
115
This electrolyte helps transport carbon dioxide to the lungs and regulates blood ph
Bicarbonate ions
116
The __________ of CO_2 from the lungs results in a _________ of H^+ ion and results in the ______ of blood pH
Removal
reduction
Increase
117
Hypoventilation results in _________ concentration of CO_2 and the development of ______ H^+ ions and leads to ________"
Higher
More
Acidosis
118
Hyperventilation ______ concentrations of CO_2 and leads to __________
Reduces
Alkalosis
119
_______________ comprises about __% of the blood calcium and helps in muscle function, cardiac function, blood clotting, and nerve transmission function of the body
Ionized calcium
45%
120
It is composed of small, portable testing devices that measure analytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions as well as blood gas values for potential hydrogen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, BUN, Glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, ACT, Lactase, and troponin
multiple-test panel monitoring
121
These are the analytes that are tested by this instrument
Lactate, potassium, BUN and creatinine
GEM premier
122
These are the analytes that are tested by this instrument
BUN, glucose, Hbg and Hct and ACT values
i-Stat
123
These are the analytes that are tested by this instrument
tHB, SO_2,O_2Ct, COHb, MetHb, %O_2Hb
Avoximeter
124
These are the analytes that are tested by this instrument
pH,PCO_2,PO_2, cNa, cCa2^+, cCl-,cK+,Hct,cGlu
ABL80 Flex
125
Pregnancy can be detected as early as _____ from conception by checking the presence of β-subunit of ______________________ in the urine or serum
10 days
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
126
Gauges the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy being administered to patients who have suffered from heart attacks
Cardiac Troponin T (TnT) and troponin I (TnI)
127
Measures alanine transferase (ALT) of patients under lipid lowering medication
Lipid testing
128
Differentiates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF)
B-Type Natriuretic peptide (BNP)
129
Detects and evaluates infection and tissue injury and other inflammatory orders
C-reactive protein (CRP)
130
Monitors glucose level of patients with Diabetes mellitus
Glucose
131
Is a diagnostic tool for diabetis therapy monitoring
Glycosylated hemoglobin
132
Measures the volume of the red blood cells
Hematocrit
133
Checks the hemoglobin level to manage patient suffering from anemia
Hemoglobin
134
Evaluates the severity of the lactic acid disorder and the stress response of the patient
Lactate
135
Detects gastrointestinal (GIT) Bleeding
Occult blood (Guaiac)
136
Detects the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Pregnancy test
137
Checks contact with allergens and determines if the body has developed antibodies.
Skin test
138
Skin tests could be these 4 tests
Tuberculin test (TB)
Aspergillus
Coccidioidomycosis (cocci)
Histoplasmosis (histo
(Di guro ni mo guwas pero apilon nalang(
139
Detects the presence of Group A streptococci
Strep testing
(Hinomdomi Ang streptococci)
140
Involves physical, chemical and microscopic analysis of the urine sample
Urinalysis
141
Congrats Humana ka
140 ka card para sa 10 item quiz ka funny ba
Joke (40 items na diay)
