Lesson 7A Flashcards
What is a routing table and what does it do?
A routing table is a list of directions that a router uses to decide where to send data packets. It includes information like the protocol, destination, interface, and gateway/next hop.
What are the four main types of routes in a routing table?
The four main types of routes are direct network routes, remote network routes, host routes, and default routes
What are remote network routes?
Remote network routes are paths to networks that are not directly connected to the router. The router reaches these networks through other routers.
What are direct network routes?
Direct network routes are the paths to networks directly connected to the router’s interfaces. These routes are automatically added to the routing table.
What are host routes?
Host routes are specific paths to individual IP addresses. They have a /32 network prefix, meaning they are very precise routes
What is a default route?
A default route is a special type of static route that the router uses when it doesn’t have an exact match for the destination. It’s represented by 0.0.0.0/0 for IPv4 or ::/0 for IPv6.
What is a static route?
A static route is a manually added path in the routing table. It doesn’t change unless edited by the administrator and can be either non-persistent or persistent.
What is the difference between non-persistent and persistent static routes?
A non-persistent static route disappears when the router restarts. A persistent static route stays in the routing table even after a restart.
How are the routing tables for routers A, B, and C configured in a series?
How are the routing tables for routers A, B, and C configured in a series?
What is the role of a router in a network?
A router is a device that connects multiple networks and directs data packets between them. It uses the routing table to decide the best path for each packet.
What does a router do with a packet?
A router looks at the destination address on the packet, checks its routing table to find where to send it, and then forwards it to the next place.
What is a hop in networking?
A hop is each time a packet moves from one router to another. For example, if a packet goes through 3 routers, that’s 3 hops.
What is a packet in networking?
A packet is a small piece of data sent over a network. Think of it like a letter in the mail, which carries information to its destination.
What is ARP and why is it used?
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used in IPv4 to find the exact address of a device on the local network. It’s like looking up a house number to deliver a letter.
What is TTL in networking?
TTL (Time To Live) is a number in a packet that decreases by 1 each time it goes through a router. When TTL hits 0, the packet is discarded to prevent endless looping.
How does IPv4 handle packet fragmentation?
In IPv4, the packet uses ID, Flags, and Fragment Offset fields to keep track of the pieces so they can be reassembled correctly when they reach their destination.
Why do packets get fragmented?
Packets are fragmented if they are too big to fit into the network frame size. It’s like cutting a large letter into smaller pieces to fit into a small envelope.
What is the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)?
The MTU is the largest size of a packet or frame that can be sent over a network. For example, Ethernet usually has an MTU of 1500 bytes.
How does IPv6 handle fragmentation differently from IPv4?
In IPv6, the router does not fragment packets. Instead, the sending device figures out the best size for the packet to fit through the network.
What happens if a router doesn’t know where to send a packet?
If a router doesn’t know where to send a packet, it will use a default route if available. If there is no route, the packet will be dropped, and the sender will be notified that it couldn’t be delivered.
