Lesson 7: tissue regeneration and repair Flashcards
What initiates the inflammatory response after tissue injury?
The goal is to create new tissue
The inflammatory response is crucial for the healing process.
Define regeneration in tissue healing.
The new tissue is identical to the original and maintains functional and anatomical properties.
What is the difference between repair and regeneration?
Repair forms a scar; regeneration restores original structure and function.
What factors influence the results of tissue healing?
- Tissue proliferative ability
- Integrity of the surrounding connective tissue
- Inflammatory response
- Extent of injury
What is labile tissue?
Consists of cells that are continuously renewed by programmed division of stem cells and proliferation of mature cells.
Give an example of labile tissue.
- Superficial epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract
- Urinary tract
- Cervix
Define stable tissue.
Have lower replicate activity in the normal state and contain few stem cells, can divide rapidly in response to injury.
Give an example of stable tissue.
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Smooth muscle
- Bone
- Endothelium
What is permanent tissue?
Cells exhibit terminal differentiation after birth and therefore do not proliferate or proliferate poorly.
Give an example of permanent tissue.
- Nerve tissue
- Cardiac muscle
What are the three common stages in the synthesis of new tissue?
- Inflammation
- Cell proliferation
- Tissue remodeling
What is the process of tissue regeneration?
The organism replaces damaged tissue with tissue identical to the original, restoring its original structure and function.
What occurs at the molecular level during tissue regeneration?
Growth factors stimulate the proliferation of stem cells and their differentiation into tissue-specific cells.
What role do adult stem cells play in tissue regeneration?
They differentiate into tissue-specific cells to replace damaged cells.
What is tissue repair?
The process which the body replaces damaged tissue with scar tissue.
What is the aim of tissue repair?
To reestablish tissue continuity but does not always restore its original structure and function.
What happens at the cellular level during tissue repair?
- Fibroblasts migrate to site of injury and synthesize collagen
- Macrophages phagocytize cellular debris
- Endothelial cells participate in angiogenesis
What is granulation tissue?
Rich in blood vessels, collagen III, and active cells.
What are the characteristics of scar tissue?
- Fibroblasts replace collagen with Col I
- Avascular
- Degradation of unnecessary components
What factors influence tendon repair?
- Post traumatic inflammation
- Hypervascularization
- Stem cell niches
- Dynamic reciprocity
Define mechanotransduction.
A signaling mechanism that converts extracellular mechanical loads into cellular responses.
List clinical applications of mechanotransduction.
- Muscle tears
- Fractures
What are therapeutic examples related to mechanotransduction?
- Resistance exercises
- Dynamic stretching
- Mechanical vibration
