Lesson 7- Tissue Integrity Flashcards
What are the protective functions of the skin?
Provide a barrier to water, microbes, and damaging UV rays
Protects against infection
Intact skin reduces injury to underlying tissue/ organs
Prevents loss of moisture from surface and structure s
How does the skin regulate body temperature?
Evaporation of perspiration draws heat from skin
Blood vessels in skin dilate/ constrict to regulate heat loss
In cold, pilomotor muscles cause hairs to stand on end
How does the skin relate to the psychosocial?
External appearance is a major contributor to self-esteem
Skin plays an important role in identification and communication
What role does skin play in sensation?
Millions of nerve endings in skin provide sense of touch, pain, pressure, and temperature
Sensory impulses from skin allow the body to adjust to the environment in conjunction with the brain and spinal cord
What vitamin does the skin produce?
Vitamin D
A precursor for Vitamin D is present in the skin, once skin is exposed to UV light from sun it creates Vitamin D
What does a break in the surface of the skin trigger?
immunologic responses in skin
How does the skin function in absorption?
Substances such as medications can be absorbed through the skin for local and systemic effects
How does the skin function in elimination?
Water, electrolytes, and nitrogenous wastes are excreted in small amounts in sweat
What are non-modifiable factors affecting the skin?
Genetics
Gender and Age
Skin Color
What are modifiable factors affecting the skin?
Proper skincare and maintenance
Avoidance of irritants or allergens
Keeping skin clean and moisturized
What are unintentional wounds?
Accidental
Occur from unexpected trauma
Occur in an unsterile environment, contamination is likely
Wound edges are usually jagged, multiple traumas common and bleeding uncontrolled
What are intentional wounds?
Surgical- intended, planned, done in a controlled sterile environment
Bleeding is usually controlled and incisions are approximated
What is a partial thickness wound?
Confined to the skin (dermis and epidermis)
Healed by regeneration
What is a full-thickness wound?
Involves dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous tissue, and possibly bone and muscle
Requires connective tissue repair
What is a complex wound?
Superficial, partial, or full-thickness skin loss wounds healing by secondary intention
What is the body’s first line of defense against microorganisms?
Skin
What are the stages of wound healing in order?
- Hemostasis
- Inflammatory Stage
- Proliferative Stage
- Remodeling Stage
What happens in hemostasis?
The platelet plug and stable fibrin clot form (involved blood vessels constrict and clotting begins)
“stop the leak”
Occurs right after injury
Exudate is formed = swelling and pain
Increased perfusion = redness, and heat
Platelets stimulate other cells to migrate to the injury to participate in phases of healing
What happens in the inflammatory stage?
Bacteria and cellular debris are removed
Chemotaxis
“clean up debris”
Lasts about 4-6 days
WBCs move to wound
Macrophages enter wound and remain for an extended time, ingesting debris and releasing growth factors that attract fibroblasts to fill in wound (phagocytosis)
What happens in the proliferative stage?
Angiogenesis
Reepitheliatization
“rebuild”
Begins within 2-3 days and lasts up to 2-3 weeks
New tissue is built to fill wound space through fibroblasts which build collagen
Capillaries grow across wound
Granulation tissue forms a foundation for scar tissue development
What happens in the remodeling stage?
Type 1 collagen pr
“improve”
Begins at about 3w - 6m after injury. Can be years
Collagen is remodeled and new collagen tissue is deposited
Scar becomes flat, thin, white line
What is the body response in the inflammatory phase?
Mild elevated temp
Leukocytosis
General Malaise
At injury” pain, heat, redness, swelling
What is essential for wound healing?
Adequate blood flow, circulation, and oxygenation
