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Histology/Embryology > Lesson 7 - Part 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 7 - Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the ratio of saliva that comes from various salivary glands

A

Major glands: 85-90%
1. Parotid: 25%
2. Submandibular:60%
3. Sublingual: 5%

Minor glands: 10%

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2
Q

Major and minor salivary glands composed of ____________

A

epithelium & connective tissue

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3
Q

What type of secretions come out of the major salivary glands?

A
  1. Parotid: serous secretion
  2. Submandibular: mixed serous and mucous secretion
  3. Sublingual: mucous secretion
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4
Q

Epithelial cells that produce saliva are called __________

A

secretory cells

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5
Q

What is the functional unit of the salivary gland?

A
  1. Called alveolus or acinus
  2. Acinus: cluster of mucous/serous/or combination cells that secrete into a terminal collecting duct
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6
Q

Describe the acinus

A
  1. Secretory cells are found in a group called an ACINUS
  2. Each acinus is located at the terminal portion of the gland connected to the ductal system
  3. Each acinus consists of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a lumen (passage to the duct)
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7
Q

Describe Serous cells

A
  1. Secrete mostly protein and small amount of carbohydrate
  2. Secrete zymogen granules: precursor of amylase: breakdown of carbohydrate in diet
  3. Watery consistency
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8
Q

Describe Mucous cells

A
  1. Secretion high in carbohydrate, low in protein (why it is thick)
  2. Secretion is viscous, mucigen vesicles precursor to mucin
  3. Mucin mixes with oral fluids to become thick & ropey
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9
Q

Describe Serous Acini

A
  1. Serous cells producing serous secretion
  2. Narrow lumen - does not need to be wide because serous secretions are low viscosity
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10
Q

Describe Mucous Acini

A
  1. Mucous cells producing mucous secretion
  2. Wider lumen - viscous solution needs to get through
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11
Q

Describe Mucoserous Acini

A
  1. Mucous cells and serous demilune
  2. Mixed secretion
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12
Q

Describe Myoepithelial cells

A
  1. Facilitate the flow of saliva out of each lumen into the connecting ducts
  2. Contractile, squeezing the acinus and forcing the saliva out of the lumen into the connecting duct
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13
Q

Ductal system begins with acini and then…

A

Each type of duct is lined by different epithelium depending on its location in the gland

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14
Q

Describe the salivary gland ductal system

A
  1. Intercalated duct: acinar cells empty directly into the intercalated duct; Cuboidal cells
  2. Striated duct: intercalated ducts empty directly into the striated ducts: Ion exchange with adjacent blood vessels
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15
Q

Describe Excretory ducts

A
  1. Final portion of the salivary gland duct system: Excretory duct
  2. Cells gradually shift from pseudostratified columnar to stratified cuboidal to stratified squamous epithelium to blend with surrounding oral mucosal tissues at the ductal opening
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16
Q

Describe the connective tissue in salivary glands

A
  1. Capsule: surrounds the outer portion of the entire gland
  2. protecting and supporting the gland
  3. The septum(a) divide the inner portion of the gland into larger lobes and smaller lobules
  4. Both the capsule and septa carry nerves and blood vessels to the gland
17
Q

Describe the function of minor salivary glands

A
  1. Empty secretions directly into the mouth by means of short ducts
  2. Isolated acini and ducts within the oral mucosa or submucosa lining of the mouth
  3. Assist with mastication, swallowing and speech
18
Q

Describe the location/types of minor salivary glands

A
  1. Buccal & Labial (cheeks and lips) - Mixed glands
  2. Palatine glands (Posterior hard & soft palate) - Pure mucous glands
  3. Glossopalatine glands (Tonsillar folds) - Pure mucous glands
  4. Lingual glands - Tip of the tongue: serous; Middle of tongue: serous; Posterior of tongue, under lingual tonsilar: mucous
19
Q

List the functions of saliva

A
  1. Remineralization & increase enamel hardness in newly erupted teeth: Calcium and phosphate ions in saliva
  2. Amylase: breaks down starches to be more easily digestible
  3. Aids digestion by breaking down food into solution
  4. Antimicrobial properties: proteins which fight microbes
20
Q

Describe Mucoceles

A
  1. Minor salivary gland duct injured, mucous salivary secretion into adjacent connective tissue
  2. Swelling in the tissue
21
Q

Describe Ranula

A

Obstruction or injury to submandibular or sublingual duct causing unilateral swelling on the floor of the mouth

22
Q

Tonsillar Tissue surrounds the oropharynx in a ring called ___________

A
  1. Waldeyer’s ring
23
Q

Describe the locations of tonsillar tissue

A
  1. Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid): midline of the oropharynx
  2. Palatine tonsils: bilateral posterior to molars
  3. Lingual tonsils: posterior third of the tongue
24
Q

Describe tonsils

A
  1. Part of the lymphatic system
  2. Germinal centers: active sight for lymphocyte formation (lingual & palatine)
25
Q

What cell types are tonsils made of?

A
  1. Pharyngeal tonsils: pseudostratified epithelium, part of the nasopharynx
  2. Lingual and palatine: stratified squamous epithelium
  3. All tonsillar tissue surrounded by connective tissue
26
Q

Describe the palatine tonsils

A
  1. Largest tonsils divided into lobules with crypts (folds)
  2. Infection: deep crypts become plugged with lymphocyte discharge and desquamated epithelial cells
  3. Seromucous glands assist flushing only surface of the crypts
27
Q

Describe lingual tonsils

A
  1. Located on the surface of posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  2. Wide-mouthed crypts
  3. Mucous glands , skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
  4. Cleansed easily with saliva
28
Q

Describe the Pharyngeal tonsil: adenoid

A
  1. Posterior wall of the superior portion of the nasopharynx
  2. Easily infected in childhood
  3. May grow laterally to surround the opening of the eustachian tubes
  4. No crypts, occasional folds: clefts in the mucosa
  5. Underlying tonsil are mixed glands

Histology/Embryology (14 decks)

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