Lesson 7: Equal Protection

Question 1

Equal Protection Clause

Answer 1

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution forbids any state from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Question 2

Rational Basis Test

Answer 2

When a statutory classification is not based on “suspect” or “quasi-suspect” criteria, the Court will apply the “rational basis test.” That is, the classification will be deemed valid if it is rationally related to a proper state interest.

Question 3

Strict Scrutiny Test

Answer 3

When a statutory classification intentionally discriminates against racial or ethnic minorities or discriminates against or penalizes a “fundamental right,” it is “suspect” and subject to strict scrutiny. That is, the classification will be found to violate the Equal Protection Clause unless it is found to be necessary to promote a compelling state interest.

Question 4

“Intermediate” Scrutiny Test

Answer 4

Classifications based on gender or legitimacy violate the Equal Protection Clause unless they are substantially related to an important government interest.