Lesson 7

Question 1

These are sterile, sharp instruments that are intended for one-time use only. They are designed for use in making cuts in the skin for finger or heel puncture.

Answer 1

Lancet/Incision devices

Question 2

This is a type of lancet that produces a small hole in the skin by vaporizing water in the skin. This eliminates the risk of sharp injury because cauterizing the skin is not necessary There are 2 types that are used in capillary puncture: finger puncture lancet and heel puncture lancet.

Answer 2

Laser lancet

Question 3

2 types of capillary puncture

Answer 3

finger puncture lancet and heel puncture lancet

Question 4

Also known as microtube, this
container is a small plastic tube used to hold blood specimen collected in the capillary puncture. It has markings on the side that show the minimum and maximum fill levels and occasionally, comes with a narrow capillary tube.

Answer 4

Microcollection Container

Question 5

These are narrow bore
tubes that are made of either plastic or glass. They are typically used for hematocrit determinations. They can hold 50 to 75 pL and filled by capillary action. One end is sealed with sealants made of clay or plastic.

Answer 5

Microhematocrit tubes and sealants

Question 6

these are used for blood films for hematology determinations

Answer 6

Microscope slides

Question 7

these are used to increase the blood flow seven-fold by warming the puncture site

Answer 7

Warming devices

Question 8

this is a special
equipment used for collecting capillary blood gas (CBG) specimen, which contains CBG collection tubes, stirrers, magnet, and plastic caps.

Answer 8

Capillary Blood Gas (CBG) equipment

Question 9

What are the components of a capillary blood specimen?

Answer 9

Capillary blood, arterial blood, venous blood, interstitial fluid, intracellular fluid

Question 10

What do you call the specimen that is a mixture of arterial blood, venous blood, capillary blood, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid?

Answer 10

Capillary blood specimen

Question 11

What type of blood is bright red, found in the pulmonary vein, left chamber of the heart, and arteries, and carries oxygenated blood?

Answer 11

Arterial blood

Question 12

What type of blood is dark red, travels from the peripheral veins through the venous system to the right chamber of the heart, and is deoxygenated?

Answer 12

Venous blood

Question 13

What blood type is commonly collected from infants, young children, elderly patients, and patients with severe burns, and is extracted from venules and arterioles in the capillary bed?

Answer 13

Capillary blood

Question 14

What fluid fills the spaces around the cells, is filtered from the blood capillaries, and is drained away as lymph?

Answer 14

Interstitial fluid

Question 15

What fluid is found inside the cells, facilitates movement of fluid through the membrane, and blocks the entrance of unwanted materials?

Answer 15

Intracellular fluid

Question 16

What is the concentration trend of glucose in capillary blood compared to venous blood?

Answer 16

Higher in capillary blood

Question 17

What is the concentration trend of total protein (TP), calcium (Ca²⁺), and potassium (K⁺) in capillary blood compared to venous blood?

Answer 17

Lower in capillary blood

Question 18

What is the type of blood specimen that contains a mix of arterial, venous, capillary blood, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid?

Answer 18

Capillary blood specimen

Question 19

Which three types of blood are mixed in a capillary blood specimen?

Answer 19

Arterial blood, venous blood, and capillary blood

Question 20

What two types of fluid are also present in capillary blood specimens besides blood?

Answer 20

Interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid

Question 21

What type of blood is oxygenated, bright red in color, and found in the pulmonary vein, left chamber of the heart, and arteries?

Answer 21

Arterial blood

Question 22

What type of blood is deoxygenated, dark red in color, and travels from peripheral veins through the venous system to the right chamber of the heart?

Answer 22

Venous blood

Question 23

What type of blood is drawn from the venules and arterioles in the capillary bed and is often preferred for infants, young children, elderly patients, and those with severe burns?

Answer 23

Capillary blood

Question 24

What type of fluid is found inside cells, helps fluid move through membranes, and blocks the entrance of unwanted materials?

Answer 24

Intracellular fluid

Question 25

How does the glucose concentration in capillary blood compare to venous blood?

Answer 25

Glucose concentration is higher in capillary blood

Question 26

How do total protein (TP), calcium (Ca²⁺), and potassium (K⁺) levels in capillary blood compare to venous blood?

Answer 26

TP, Ca²⁺, and K⁺ levels are lower in capillary blood

Question 27

What are the indications for performing capillary puncture on adults and older children?

Answer 27

Capillary puncture may be indicated for adults and older children when: (1) veins are fragile or inaccessible due to scars or burns, (2) veins are reserved for another procedure like chemotherapy, (3) clotting tendencies, (4) extreme fear of needles, or (5) veins will be used for glucose monitoring or oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT).

Question 28

What are the indications for performing capillary puncture on infants and young children?

Answer 28

Capillary puncture is preferred for infants and young children because: (1) it reduces health risks like anemia and cardiac arrest, (2) it requires only a small volume of blood, (3) venipuncture could damage veins and surrounding tissues, (4) it avoids risks of hemorrhage, thrombosis, gangrene, and infection, (5) it reduces the risk of injury from restraint needed for venipuncture, and (6) capillary blood is the preferred specimen.

Question 29

When should capillary puncture not be used?

Answer 29

Capillary puncture should not be used for erythrocyte sedimentation rate methods, blood cultures, or studies requiring plasma specimens or large volume specimens.

Question 30

What is the order of draw for collecting capillary specimens?

Answer 30

The order of draw for capillary specimens is: (1) capillary blood gas specimens (CBGs), (2) EDTA specimens, (3) other additive specimens, and (4) serum specimens.

Question 31

What is the proper position for a patient during a finger puncture?

Answer 31

The patient’s arm should be placed on a firm surface, with their arms extended and palms facing up.

Question 32

Where should the puncture site be for adults and older children during a finger puncture?

Answer 32

The palmar surface of the distal end of the middle or ring finger of the non-dominant hand should be used, preferably the fleshy portion of the finger.

Question 33

Where should the incision site be for infants during a heel puncture?

Answer 33

The incision site should be on the plantar surface of the heel or the median or lateral edge, and the depth should be less than 2.0 mm to avoid bone damage.

Question 34

How should the puncture site be prepared before collecting a specimen?

Answer 34

The site should be cleaned with an antiseptic or 70% isopropyl alcohol and left to air-dry.

Question 35

How should the puncture site be treated after blood collection?

Answer 35

Apply gauze and apply pressure to the site, keeping it elevated.

Question 36

What is the order of blood collection during capillary puncture?

Answer 36

Prioritize collecting slides, platelet counts, and other hematology specimens to avoid clumping, followed by anticoagulant containers, and then serum specimens.

Question 37

What is the procedure called that is used to check for abnormalities in blood cells by spreading a small drop of blood on a slide, air-drying, and staining it?

Answer 37

Routine thin blood film or smear preparation.

Question 38

What preparation is used to diagnose malaria by detecting its presence in the peripheral blood smear?

Answer 38

Thick blood smear preparation.

Question 39

What is the method of blood collection that involves placing a large drop of blood in the center of the slide, spreading it to the size of a dime, and air-drying it for at least 2 hours before staining?

Answer 39

Thick blood smear preparation.

Question 40

What method is used to collect capillary blood gas specimens from infants and small children?

Answer 40

Heel puncture

Question 41

What collection helps determine liver disorders in infants and is performed via heel stick?

Answer 41

Neonatal bilirubin collection.

Question 42

What is the required specimen for neonatal bilirubin collection?

Answer 42

Amber-frosted tube (5 mL) and 2 serum gel microtainers or 2 red-top microtainers.

Question 43

What is the submission container for neonatal bilirubin collection?

Answer 43

Amber vial (T192).

Question 44

What is the required specimen volume for neonatal bilirubin collection?

Answer 44

0.5 mL

Question 45

should be centrifuged within 2 hours of collection.

Answer 45

Serum gel microtainers

Question 46

should be centrifuged and aliquoted within 2 hours of collection.

Answer 46

Red-top microtainersl

Question 47

What is the method used for newborn screening blood spot collection?

Answer 47

Heel stick to collect a few drops of blood.

Question 48

is done 24 to 48 hours after the baby is born, in which a few drops of blood are collected through heel stick to determine disorders that are not apparent at birth and could lead to disability or even death.

Answer 48

Newborn screening blood spot collection

Question 49

is done as part of the routine check for infants to determine inborn disorders such as phenylketonuria hypothyroidism and galactosemia, and cystic fibrosis.

Answer 49

Newborn/neonatal screening