Lesson 7 Flashcards
What is the integumentary system?
The integumentary system is an organ system that includes the skin, hairs, nails, and exocrine glands.
What are common causes of integumentary disorders?
Common causes include allergies, irritants, genetic makeup, certain diseases, and immune system problems.
What is acne?
Acne is an inflammatory disorder of the skin where hair follicles are clogged by sebum and dead skin cells, leading to outbreaks of lesions.
What is alopecia areata?
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease characterized by round patches of hair loss.
What are the types of alopecia areata?
Alopecia areata totalis is the loss of hair on the head, while alopecia areata universalis is the loss of hair on the entire body.
What is atopic dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic disease that causes inflammation, redness, and irritation of the skin.
What are the symptoms of atopic dermatitis?
Symptoms include scratching that leads to further redness, swelling, cracking, weeping clear fluid, crusting, and scaling.
What is cicatricial alopecia?
Cicatricial alopecia, or scarring alopecia, is a group of rare disorders that destroy hair follicles and replace them with scar tissue, leading to permanent hair loss.
What is epidermolysis bullosa?
Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of rare disorders that cause the skin to be fragile and blister easily.
What is hidradenitis suppurativa?
Hidradenitis suppurativa, also known as acne inversa, is a chronic, non-contagious inflammatory condition characterized by pimple-like bumps and painful inflamed areas.
What is ichthyosis?
Ichthyosis is a group of skin disorders that cause dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red.
What is lichen sclerosus?
Lichen sclerosus affects the skin in the genital and anal areas, causing small white spots, itching, and scarring.
What is pachyonychia congenita?
Pachyonychia congenita is a very rare genetic disorder that causes overgrowth of the nails and thick, painful calluses on the bottoms of the feet.
What is pemphigus?
Pemphigus is a condition characterized by blistering of the skin and mucous membranes due to the immune system mistakenly attacking the epidermis.
What is psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a chronic disease where an overactive immune system causes skin cells to multiply too quickly, resulting in scaly, inflamed patches.
What is Raynaud’s phenomenon?
Raynaud’s phenomenon affects blood vessels, causing areas of the body, such as hands and feet, to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress.
What is rosacea?
Rosacea is characterized by reddened skin and pimples, and can cause eye problems in advanced stages.
What is scleroderma?
Scleroderma is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that causes inflammation in the skin and patches of thick, hard skin.
What is vitiligo?
Vitiligo is a condition where patches of skin or hair lose pigment, becoming white, due to the destruction of melanocytes.
What is amputation?
Amputation is the removal of all or part of a limb, which can be congenital or result from injury or surgery.
What is a prosthesis?
A prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces part or all of a missing extremity.
What is replantation?
Replantation is the reattachment of a completely severed body part, usually for smaller body parts like ears or fingers.
What is intervertebral disk disease?
Intervertebral disk disease occurs when a cartilage pad located between vertebrae presses against spinal nerves, causing back, shoulder, or neck pain.
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of a nerve in the wrist, leading to forearm and wrist pain, numbness, and tingling.
What is arthritis?
Arthritis is joint inflammation that can affect many different joints.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is triggered by an overactive immune system, causing fatigue, weakness, and painful joints.
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis caused by wear and tear of a joint.
What does the nervous system do?
The nervous system regulates and coordinates body activities.
What are the principal organs of the nervous system?
The principal organs include the brain, spinal cord, and sensory organs.
What are vascular disorders?
Vascular disorders affect blood vessels, lymph passages, and other pathways.
What is a stroke?
A stroke is a sudden or gradual interruption of blood supply to a vital part of the brain, often due to atherosclerosis.
What is a transient ischemic attack?
A transient ischemic attack is a sudden attack where blood to the brain is blocked, serving as a warning for a more serious stroke.
What is meningitis?
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, which can lead to brain damage, hearing loss, disabilities, or death.
What is encephalitis?
Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain’s white and gray matter, leading to destruction of nerve cells.
What is a spinal cord injury?
A spinal cord injury can result from congenital defects, tumors, or trauma, potentially causing paraplegia or quadriplegia.
What is neuralgia?
Neuralgia is pain in a nerve, often fleeting and usually occurring in the shoulder and upper arm.
What is multiple sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disorder where the myelin sheath covering nerves is destroyed, leading to weak electrical impulses and muscle contractions.
What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
Symptoms include difficulty walking, tremors, lack of coordination, and visual changes.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson’s disease affects dopamine-producing cells of the brain, leading to gradual worsening of symptoms such as bradykinesia and tremors.
What is Huntington’s disease?
Huntington’s disease involves premature death of brain cells in the basal ganglia, starting with chorea and progressing to personality changes and psychosis.
