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Physics 2 > Lesson 6 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 6 (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of the image processor? (5)

A
  1. Preprocessor
    - from the signal processor
  2. Scan converter
  3. Image memory
  4. Post processor
  5. Digital-to-analog converter
    - to the display
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2
Q

What is information from the scan lines built into?

A

Frames for information

- preprocessor

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3
Q

Where are frames stored?

A

In image memory

- can be pulled out postprocessor

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4
Q

Where are image memories sent to?

A

The display as an analog signal

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5
Q

Image processor

A

Converts the digitized, filtered, detected and compressed serial scan line data into images that are stored in image memory, all to prepare for the presentation on the instrument display

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6
Q

What is scan conversion done by?

A

The scan converter

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7
Q

What does the scan converter do? (2)

A
  1. Changes echo information (scan lines) into image form (frames)
    - helps to build a frame
  2. Properly locates each echo on the image frame
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8
Q

How do you get real time scanning?

A

By locating each frame several times a second

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9
Q

How many scan lines are in a frame?

A

96-256

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10
Q

What is used to determine the proper location in the image memory? (2)

A
  1. The direction of each scan line

2. Location of each echoes in depth down each scan line

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11
Q

What does the image processor properly locate?

A

Each series of echoes corresponding to each scan line for each pulse emitted from the transducer
- filling up the memory with echo information

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12
Q

What does the image process format?

A

Echo displays into image form for image processing, storage and display

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13
Q

What is each frame made up of?

A

A matrix of tiny blocks called pixels

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14
Q

How do you get better resolution?

A

By having more pixels

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15
Q

Volex

A

3D

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16
Q

What do frames require?

A

Processing

17
Q

When does preprocessing start?

A

Before (while) the echo data is stored in the image memory

- the frame is still being built during this time

18
Q

What are 8 examples of preprocessing?

A
  1. Edge enhancement
  2. Pixel interpolation
  3. Persistence
  4. 3D acquisition
  5. Spatial compounding
  6. Panaramic imaging
  7. 4D imaging
  8. Elastography
19
Q

Edge enhancement

A

Sharpens boundaries to make them more detectable and make more precise measurements

20
Q

Pixel interpolation

A

Average the brightness of the adjacent pixels and fill in the missing pixels accordingly

21
Q

Persistence

A

Average of sequential frames to reduce noise and random content

22
Q

What does persistence do to the frame rate?

A

It decreases it

23
Q

3D acquisition

A

Multiple parallel 2D frames obtained and built into 3D volumes

24
Q

What is 3D acquisition also known as? (2)

A
  1. Volume imaging

2. Volumetric scanning

25
Q

Spatial compounding

A

Hits the same structure from different angles and averages it out in order to sharpen the borders

26
Q

Panaramic imaging

A

Results in an image with a wider field of view

- works the same as your phone camera

27
Q

4D imaging

A

3D imaging + real time

28
Q

Elastography

A

Is an imaging method that presents qualitative tissue stiffness information on the anatomic display and in some cases, presents quantitative stiffness information
- split screen is used

29
Q

What does colour indicate?

A

Compressibility

30
Q

What does compressibility have a correlation with?

A

Malignancy potential

31
Q

When can preprocessing only occur?

A

Before you hit the freeze button on the US machine

32
Q

Why might preprocessing be useful? (2)

A
  1. Combine 3 mages using different frequencies will give you better penetration
    - use 5 and you get better resolution
  2. Over all you get a better quality image
33
Q

What are the benefits of having high and low frequencies?

A

Averages the frames created using all of the different frequencies

34
Q

What are the drawbacks of having high and low frequencies?

A

Decreases frame rate and temporal resolution

Physics 2 (10 decks)

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