Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology and Parasitology > Lesson 6: Microbial Pathogenesis > Flashcards

Lesson 6: Microbial Pathogenesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The manner in which the disease develops.

A

Pathogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is concerned with the structural and functional changes brought about by disease and with their final effects on the body. The scientific study of disease.

A

Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in the body.

A

Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The abnormal state in which part or all of the body is incapable of performing normal functions.

A

Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The overall ability to cause disease.

A

Pathogenecity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The extent of the ability of a pathogen to cause disease.

A

Virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The toxic/destructive substances produced by the pathogen indirectly/indirectly enhance invasiveness and host damage by facilitating and promoting infection.

A

Virulence Factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The decrease or loss of virulence of a pathogen.

A

Attenuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the two major processes of microbial pathogenesis.

A

Infection process and Disease Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Elaborate on the infection process.

A

Exposure > Adherence > Invasion > Multiplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Elaborate on the disease process.

A

Toxicity & Invasiveness > Tissue/Systemic Damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Guess the correct order of the Infection Process in Microbial Pathogenesis.

a. Exposure > Invasion > Adherence > Multiplication
b. Exposure > Multiplication > Invasion > Adherence
c. Exposure > Adherence > Invasion > Multiplication
d. Exposure > Invasion > Multiplication > Adherence

A

c. Exposure > Adherence > Invasion > Multiplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The presence of microbes in the surrounding/material.

A

Exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the 5 Sources of Microbes in Air and give an example for each source.

A
  1. Aerosols
  2. Windblown
  3. Man’s action
  4. Water droplets
  5. Human/Animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The enhanced ability of a microorganism to attach to a cell/surface.

A

Adherence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do pathogens gain access to host tissues?

A

Portal of entry

17
Q

Give examples of the portal of entry.

A

Mucous membranes, skin surface, or under mucous membranes/skin

18
Q

How do we get access from the portal of entry?

A

During penetration of the said sites from punctured wounds, insect bites, cuts, or other abrasions.

19
Q

How do we get access from the portal of entry?

A

During penetration of the said sites from punctured wounds, insect bites, cuts, or other abrasions.

20
Q

Name 4 adherence structures.

A

Capsules, Fimbriae, Pili, and Flagella.

21
Q

It is important for protecting pathogenic bacteria from host defenses besides adherence.

A

Capsules

22
Q

This contains the specific receptors that facilitate adherence to host tissues, but the inherently sticky nature of the capsule itself also assists in the overall attachment process.

A

Capsule surface

23
Q

These are bacterial cell surface protein structures that function in attachment.

A

Fimbriae and Pili

24
Q

Exposure to non-pathogens (harmless microorganisms) begins at birth that serves as the infant’s initial normal microbiota.

A

Colonization

25
Q

Explain the Process of Colonization

A

Epithelial cells secrete mucus > Mucus retains moisture where the attachment of microbes naturally inhibits > If the microbes that adhered to the epithelial are non-pathogens, it began to colonize. If the attached microbes are pathogens, began infection, invasion, and disease.

26
Q

The ability of a pathogen to enter into host cells/tissues, spread, and cause disease.

A

Invasion

27
Q

The mere presence of bacteria in blood but are self-limiting.

A

Bacteremia

28
Q

The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream but multiplies and the organisms spread systemically from an initial focus and produces toxins or other poisonous substances.

A

Septicemia

29
Q

Term to describe viruses present in the bloodstream.

A

Viremia

30
Q

Name the 4 factors in the distribution and composition of the normal microbiota.

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Physical and Chemical factors
  3. Defences of the host
  4. Mechanical factors
31
Q

What do you call it when the normal microbiota protects the host against colonization by potentially pathogenic microbes by competing for nutrients, producing substances harmful to the invading microbes, and affecting conditions such as pH and available oxygen?

A

Microbial Antagonism/Competitive Exclusion

32
Q

These are microorganisms that ordinarily do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person but may do so in a different environment.

A

Opportunistic pathogen

33
Q

What is the difference between microbial antagonism from opportunistic pathogen?

A

Microbial antagonism is the competition between microbial organisms for food sources and territory. As a result, if one organism out-competes the other, this leads to the inhibition of the organism that failed to thrive in the environment. While opportunistic pathogens are potentially infectious agents that rarely cause disease in individuals with healthy immune systems.

34
Q

Name at least 3 physical and chemical factors that can affect the growth of microorganisms.

A
  1. Temperature
  2. pH
  3. Sunlight
  4. Available oxygen and carbon dioxide
  5. Salinity
35
Q

Name at least 5 factors that also affect the normal microbiota.

A

age, diet, disability, climate, lifestyle, personal hygiene, living conditions, occupation, emotional stress, nutritional status, health status, hospitalization, stress, or geography.

36
Q

Name the two major ways on how bacterial pathogens damage the host tissues (or entire host).

A
  1. by secreting tissue-destructing enzymes

2. by secreting or shedding toxins that target specific host tissues or the entire host

37
Q

It damages the host tissues by lysing cells directly, although some viruses are non-lytic and instead introduce genes into host cells that may eventually harm the host.

A

Viral Pathogens

38
Q

Differentiate Bacterial Pathogen from Viral Pathogen

A

On a biological level, the main difference is that bacteria are free-living cells that can live inside or outside a body, while viruses are a non-living collection of molecules that need a host to survive.

39
Q

Name the 4 tissue destroying enzymes.

A

Hyaluronidase, Collagenase, Streptokinase, Protease.

Microbiology and Parasitology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions