Lesson 6: Body Systems / Animal Survival Flashcards
Main system in charge of gas exchange
Respiratory System
- inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
BREATHING
- use of oxygen to breakdown sugar (glucose)
RESPIRATION
- a spongy air-filled organ
LUNGS
specialized organs for fish
GILLS-
Nose - Mouth - Pharynx - Larynx
Pharynx - Throat
Upper respiratory Tract
Voice Part (Upper respiratory Tract)
Larynx - Voice Part
Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli
Bronchi - Bronchioles - Small parts - Alveoli - Gas
Lower Respiratory Tract
Two types of circulatory system
Open and Closed circulatory system
Presence of hemolymph (a type of fluid for open ended vessels)
⁃ Open-ended vessels
⁃ Mostly invertebrates
Open Circulatory System
⁃ Blood is separated from the interstitial fluid
⁃ Arteries, veins, and capillaries
⁃ Complex
Closed Circulatory System
in charge of the circulation throughout the body
Circulatory system
pumps blood throughout the body
heart
Two classification of the heat chamber
Atria and Ventricles
Ventricles: ___________ atria: receive blood
pump blood
55% of the blood
Plasma
Leukocytes or Platelets are only _% of the blood
1%
Leukocytes or Platelets are only _% of the blood (WBC)
1%
Distribute important Substances around the body through arteries and ventricles
RBC - erythrocyte
Destroy pathogens
Leukocytes WBC
Repair wounded body tissues
Thrombocytes - Platelets
- pump oxygenated blood away from the heart (Oxygenated)
Arteries
bring blood towards heart (Deoxygenated)
Veins
connect arteries and veins
Capillaries -
(Deoxygenated) Vena Cava - Tricuspid Valve - Right Ventricle - Pulmonic Valve - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs (Oxygenated)- Pulmonary Vein - Heart - Left Atrium - Mitral Valve - Left Ventricle - Aortic Valve - Aorta - Whole body.
Blood flow
Defense mechanism against pathogens
Immune System
not built to defend against a specific pathogen
Innate Immune System
⁃ Skin
⁃ Tears
⁃ Mucus
⁃ Saliva
First Line of Defense
⁃ White Blood Cells (WBCs)
⁃ Neutrophiles - respond to bacteria or a virus
⁃ Easinophils - rolse in allergy symptopmps
⁃ Second Line of Defense
⁃ Third line of defense that is activated once that innate immune system fails to protect
Adaptive Immune System
- Eliminate pathogens (built to eliminate pathogens - third line of defense)
B-CELLS and T-CELLS
proteins that attack and remember a specific pathogen
Antibodies
Processes information and responds to stimuli (control all body systems)
Nervous System
nerve cells
Neurons
carry messages from nerves
Nerve impulses
Two types: Nervous System
⁃ Central Nervous System
⁃ Peripheral Nervous System
⁃ Brain
⁃ Information processing organ and creates appropriate response to a stimuli
⁃ Spinal Cord
⁃ Connects brain to the PNS, collects and transmits information to the brain
Central Nervous System
⁃ Sensory Nerves
⁃ Transmit signals from the senses to the brain
⁃ Motor Nerves
⁃ Carry signals from the brain to organs
Peripheral Nervous System
⁃ Produces hormones that control different activities inside of various organisms
Endocrine System
Chemical signals that is released to communicate with the body internally
Hormones
⁃ produce hormones
Endocrine Glands
process of food intake and conversion of energy
Nutrition
Ingestion - Digestion - Absorption - Assimilation - Elimination
Digestive System Processes
Animals use their oral cavities to take food inside of their bodies
Ingestion
Mouth and Teeth
Oral Cavities
The process of breaking food mechanically (Teeth) and chemically (enzymes)
Digestion
The process where the molecules from digestion is taken by the cells and converted into energy.
Absorption
The process of transporting the nutrients throughout the body
Assimilation
the production of waste products that the body needs to expel (defecation)
Elimination
Mouth - Esophagus - stomach - Panchreas - Liver - Intestines - anus
Digestive Flow
removal of waste from the body
Excretory System
NitrogenousWastes
Ammonia and urea (urine)
Kidney -renal vein-artery - Ureter - bladder - urethra
Human Excretory
UTI -
Urinary Tract Infection
Provides firm framework and gives shape to the animal’s body
Skeletal System
Hard covering outside the body
Exoskeleton
hard framework inside the body
Endoskeleton
Aiding in locomotion
Muscular System
- muscles that make up the heart
Cardiac Muscles
involuntary cardiac muscle movement
Herat- pumpiung bloof
-Attached to bones
-Movement (voluntary)
Skeletal Muscles
muscles - Internal organs except the heart
Smooth Muscles
⁃ stomach, intestines (involuntary movement)
⁃ Stomach grumbling, urinary bladder
Smooth Muscles
