Lesson 6 Flashcards
Contraction Study
moving
m o v (ing)
finger
f (ing) (er)
having
h a v (ing)
Omar
O m (ar)
town
t (ow) n
needed
n e (ed) (ed)
and a
(and)a
change
(ch) a n g e
highly
h i (gh) l y
probable
p r o b a (ble)
overwhelmingly
o v (er) (wh) e l m (ing) l y
remark
r e m (ar) k
far
f (ar)
flattering
f l a t t (er) (ing)
Washington
W a (sh) (ing) t o n
redoubtable
r e d (ou) b t a (ble)
soldier
s o l d i (er)
excelled
e x c e l l (ed)
statesman
(st) a t e s m a n
towhee
t (ow) h e e
resembles
r e s e m (ble) s
sparrow
s p (ar) r (ow)
erupted
e r u p t (ed)
causing
c a u s (ing)
serious
s (er) i (ou) s
property
p r o p (er) t y
she
(sh) e
her
h (er)
house
h (ou) s e
during
d u r (ing)
sojourn
s o j (ou) r n
Hitler
H i t l (er)
Goering
G o (er) (ing)
Himmler
H i m m l (er)
ruled
r u l (ed)
third
(th) i r d
Reich
R e i (ch)
hand
h (and)
Charter
(Ch) (ar) t (er)
proclaimed
p r o c l a i m (ed)
four
f (ou) r
doghouse
d o g h (ou) s e
Rover
R o v (er)
warm
w (ar) m
during
d u r (ing)
months
m o n (th) s
forefinger
(for) f (ing) (er)
are
(ar) e
slightly
s l i (gh) t l y
off
(of) f
pitch
p i t (ch)
them
(the) m
fixed
f i x (ed)
our
(ou) r
orchestra
o r (ch) e (st) r a
mediocre
m (ed) i o c r e
outside
(ou) t s i d e
they
(the) y
practiced
p r a c t i c (ed)
riflery
r i f l e r y [rifle is the base word)
hour
h (ou) r
table
t a (ble)
looked
l o o k (ed)
curiously
c u r i (ou) s l y
queried
q u (er) i (ed)
order
o r d (er)
this
(this) [this is a whole word contraction]
another
a n o (the) r [more space is saved by using the (the) contraction
person
p (er) s o n
respected
r e s p e c t (ed)
who
(wh) o
order
o r d (er)
tiger
t i g (er)
predacious
p r e d a c i (ou) s [pre dacious - pre is a prefix
shanghaied
(sh) a n g h a i (ed) [word division occurs between shang/haied]
streets
(st) r e e t s
Liverpool
L i v (er) p o o l
served
s (er) v (ed)
sailing
s a i l (ing)
ships
(sh) i p s
outstanding
(ou) t (st) (and) (ing)
stays
(st) a y s
hundred
h u n d r (ed)
meter
m e t (er)
dash
d a (sh)
Harry
H (ar) r y
Margaret
M (ar) g (ar) e t
sings
s (ing) s
mockingbird
m o c k (ing) b i r d
another
a n o (the) r
coercive
c o (er) c i v e
of the
(of)(the) [the words and, for, of, the, and with can be written together. If the word “a” is in the array of words, it can also be written grouped with the above listed words.
military
m i l i t (ar) y
turned
t u r n (ed)
them
(the) m
Morrow
M o r r (ow)
published
p u b l i (sh) (ed)
Shute
(Sh) u t e
trustee
t r u (st) e e
posthumously
p o (st) h u m (ou) s l y
united
u n i t (ed)
states
(st) a t e s
army
(ar) m y
tolerate
t o l (er) a t e
malingers
m a l (ing) (er) s
are
(ar) e
taking
t a k (ing)
stateroom
(st) a t e r o o m [compound word state and room
for the
(for)(the)
overnight
o v (er) n i (gh) t
arriving
(ar) r i v (ing)
Singapore
S (ing) a p o r e
Edmond
(Ed) m o n d
cabled
c a (ble) d
Chicago
(Ch) i c a g o
office
(of) f i c e
further
f u r (the) r
orders
o r d (er) s
Cherry
(Ch) (er) r y
festival
f e (st) i v a l
emblematic
e m (ble) m a t i c [em-(ble)m-at-ic
American
A m (er) i c a n
Roger
R o g (er)
predicted
p r e d i c t (ed)
stock
(st) o c k
market
m (ar) k e t
crash
c r a (sh)
our
(ou) r
proceeds
p r o c e (ed) s
last
l a (st)
bingo
b (ing) o
exceeded
e x c e (ed) (ed)
anything
a n y (th) (ing)
anticipated
a n t i c i p a t (ed)
promised
p r o m i s (ed)
care
c (ar) e
widow
w i d (ow)
unblemished
u n b l e m i (sh) (ed) [a prefix has been placed in front of the word blemish. The
“ble” contraction does not start a word.
valuable
v a l u a (ble)
while
(wh) i l e
visiting
v i s i t (ing)
hearing
h e (ar) (ing)
prayer
p r a y (er)
adverse
a d v (er) s e
America
A m (er) i c a
foreign
(for) e i g n
arouses
(ar) (ou) s e s
Howard
H (ow) (ar) d
anger
a n g (er)
cried
c r i (ed)
roughly
r (ou) (gh) l y
removed
r e m o v (ed)
bandage
b (and) a g e
Oedipus
O e d i p u s [unfamiliar word no contraction]
famous
f a m (ou) s
tragedy
t r a g (ed) y
Sophocles
S o p h o c l e s
withered
(with) (er) (ed)
water
w a t (er)
of The
(of) (the) whole word contractions that has to be separated because the is capitalized
lost
l o (st)
chord
(ch) o r d
soothes
s o o (the) s
tired
t i r (ed)
nerves
n (er) v e s
courier
c (ou) r i (er)
journal
j (ou) r n a l
carried
c (ar) r i (ed)
scathing
s c a (th) (ing)
editorial
(ed) i t o r i a l
of the
(of) (the) [the two words are brailled together
magistrate
m a g i (st) r a t e
prerogatives
p r e r o g a t i v e s
eruditely
(er) u d i t e l y
and with
(and)(with) [two words that are brailled together
fervor
f (er) v o r
art
(ar) t
of the
(of)(the) [two words brailled together]
Edwardian
(Ed) w (ar) d i a n
era
(er) a
Eddie
(Ed) d i e
Sherry
(Sh) (er) r y
Edythe
(Ed) y (the)
downhill
d (ow) n h i l l
skiing
s k i (ing)
March
M (ar) (ch)
Marie
M (ar) i e
pearl
p e (ar) l
earrings
e (ar) r (ing) s
and a
(and)a [two words that are brailled together
broch
b r o (ch)
amethysts
a m e (th) y (st) s
for the
(for)(the) {two words brailled together]
rehearsal
r e h e (ar) s a l
dignified
d i g n i f i (ed)
Duchess
D u (ch) e s s
sedan
s (ed) a n
her
h (er)
tour
t (ou) r
Shanghai
(Sh) a n g h a i
dignified
d i g n i f i (ed)
duchess
d u (ch) e s s
governor
g o v (er) n o r
ordered
o r d (er) (ed)
seditious
s (ed) i t i (ou) s
periodical
p (er) i o d i c a l [word division
pe-ri-od-i-cal
suppressed
s u p p r e s (ed)
hysterical
h y (st) (er) i c a l hys-ter-i-cal
ordered
o r d (er) (ed)
aedile
a e d i l e (pronounced ee-dial = one of a board of magistrates in charge of public building, streets, markets, or games
[ae are diphthongs = a diphthong is a diagraph of two adjoining vowels that make one sound]
aerial
a e r i a l [ae are diphthongs & cannot be separated]
airedale
a i r e d a l e (pronouced air-dale - noun - a
breed of large terriers having a wiry, black-and-
tan docked tail
airedale = ed contraction not used -
uncommon or rarely used word - can’t separate diphthongs
ar contraction
3 - 4- 5
Arkansas
(Ar) k a n s a s
arise
(ar) i s e
arose
(ar) o s e
Bible
B i (ble)
ble contraction
3 - 4- 5- 6
bled
b l (ed)
blemish
b l e m i (sh)
blend
b l (en) d [no ble contraction]
boredom
b o r e d o m (bore dom)
brother
b r o (the) r
bubble
b u b (ble)
ed contraction
1 - 2- 4- 6
er contraction
1 - 2- 4- 5- 6
gh contraction
1 - 2- 6
ow contraction
2 - 4- 6
ble contraction
3 - 4- 5- 6
ing contraction
3 - 4- 6
bake
b a k e
bakery
b a k (er) y [er contraction is used when all of the letters of the contraction fall withing the same syllable
bare
b (ar) e
bathes
b a (the) s
battledore
b a t t l e d o r e [uncommon or rarely used word]
canoed
c a n o (ed) [suffix “ed” added to a base word
canoe
Charleston
(Ch) (ar) e (st) o n
Charlestown
(Ch) (ar) l e s t (ow) n [compound word
Charles / town]
cheddar
(ch) (ed) d (ar)
cigarette
c i g (ar) e t t e
cigars
c i g (ar) s
coeducate
c o (ed) u c a t e [prefix & root word - co/educate]
corner
c o r n (er)
deduce
d e d u c e [de is the prefix & root is the root]
derail
d e r a i l [de is the prefix & rail is the root]
derive
d e r i v e [de is the prefix & rive is the root]
derogatory
d e r o g a t o r y [no “er” contraction;
de/ rog/ a/ tory]
diaersis
[aer constitutes a trigraph & a syllable - the
use of the “er” contraction would make the
unfamiliar word difficult to pronounce]
the word mean the separation of two adjacent vowels, dividing one syllable into
two - pronounced die -air - us - sis
disingenuous
(dis) (in) g (en) u (ou) s [pronounced
dis in jen yoo uhs lacking in frankness,
candor, or sincerity] dis prefix - ingenuous
root word
doer
d o (er) [er common suffix, base word ending in o]
doghouse
d o g h (ou) s e
drowsy
d r (ow) s y
ed contraction
1 - 2- 4- 6
edelweiss
(ed) e l w e i s s [a duh vise]
edict
e d i c t [e / dict]
Edith
(Ed) i (th)
embargoed
e m b (ar) g o (ed) [er or ed added to a base
word ending in a vowel]
embargoer
e m b (ar) g o (er) [base word ending in a vowel - er common suffix]
encyclopaedia
(en) c y c l o p a e d i a [ae are diphthongs
diphthong is a diagraph composed of two
adjoining vowels that make one sound = no ed
contraction]
er contraction
1 - 2- 4- 5- 6
erect
e r e c t [e/rect = prefix and root word
no (er) contraction]
erupt
e r u p t [e/rupt = prefix and root word
no (er) contraction]
error
(er) r o r
excelled
e x c e l l (ed)
fern
f (er) n
finger
f (ing) (er)
freedom
freedom [free / dom = no “ed” contraction]
fringe
f r (ing) e
foghorn
f o g h o r n [fog / horn]
forefinger
(for) e f (ing) (er)
garbage
g (ar) b a g e
gh contraction
1 - 2 - 6
ginger
g (ing) (er) [the “ing” contraction is used in
ginger, even though the n & g fall into different syllables
ghoulish
(gh) (ou) l i (sh)
goblet
g o (ble) t
Goering
G o e r (ing) [oe are diphthongs & cannot
be separated, a diphthong is a diagraph
composed of two adjoining vowels that
make one sound
harbinger
h (ar) b (ing) (er) [the contraction “ing” is
used even though the n & g fall into
different syllables har / bin / ger]
highly
h i (gh) l y
Himmler
H i m m l (er)
infrared
(in) f r a r (ed) [in / fra/ red = no “ar”
contraction; when all the letters of a
contraction fall into the same syllable, the
contraction is used]
imagery
i m a g e r y [root word is image = no “er”
contraction is used = image / ry
ingenious
(in) g (en) i (ou) s
ing contraction
3 - 4- 6
ingot
i n g o t [no ‘ing’ contraction]
Johnston
J o h n (st) o n [John / ston] = “st”
contraction is used]
Johnstown
J o h n s t (ow) n [no “st” contraction is used;
use the “ow” contraction
kettledrum
k e t t l e d r u m [ket / tle / drum]
laugh
l a u (gh)
lighters
l i (gh) t (er) s
lingerie
l (in) g (er) i e
marble
m (ar) (ble)
marbled
m (ar) (ble) d [marble is the base word so
no “ed” contraction
mediocre
m (ed) i o c r e
n eed
n e (ed)
needles
n e (ed) l e s
northern
n o r (the) r n
Oedipus
“oe” are diphthongs = two adjoining vowels
that make one sund
orchestra
o r (ch) e (st) r a
ow contraction
2 - 4- 6
overwhelmingly
o v (er) (wh) e l m (ing) l y
own
(ow) n
Peru
P (er) u
pitchblende
p i t (ch) b l (en) d e [“bl” is a blend based
off of the “bl” blend so pitchblende does not
use the “ble” blend]
powder
p (ow) d (er)
predacious
p r e d a c i (ou) s [use the “ou” contraction
pre / dacious]
predate
p r e d a t e [pre / date = no “ed” contraction]
predict
p r e d i c t [root & base word pre / dict]
prerogative
p r e r o g a t i v e [pre / rogative]
problem
p r o (ble) m
probable
p r o b a (ble)
queried
q u (er) i (ed)
q letter
1 - 2- 3 - 4 - 5
red
r (ed)
resembles
r e s e m (ble) s
sedan
s (ed) a n
serious
s (er) i (ou) s
sherry
(sh) (er) r y
Singapore
S (ing) a p o r e
sparrow
s p (ar) r (ow)
statesman
(st) a t e s m a n
thimbles
(th) i m (ble) s
Washington
W a (sh) (ing) t o n
whimper
(wh) i m p (er)
