Lesson 5 - Operating Systems Flashcards
The 3 main parts a computer consists of
- Hardware
- Firmware
- Software
What is hardware?
Physical components of a computer system that have a defined shape
What is firmware?
The booting instructions stored in the ROM
Explain the booting process, step by step
- The user turns on the computer
2.BIOS is activated - The first program, POST is activated and with the CMOS, all hardware is checked to ensure whether they are functioning properly
- THe MBR is read in boot drive alongside the bootsrap loader (which is a firmware)
- The Operating System is loaded in boot drive to the RAM
- The Operating System takes control and the UI is displayed
What does BIOS stand for?
Basic Input Output System
What does POST stand for?
Power On Self-Test
What does MBR stand for?
Master Boot Record
What does CMOS stand for?
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Simply, what is the booting process?
The process in which the Operating System is loaded into the RAM
What is Software?
A set of instructions given to the computer to perform activities
The 2 main divisions of Software
- System Software
- Application Software
Give 5 examples for Application Software
- Word Processing
- Spreadsheets
- Databases
- Computer Games
- Web Browsers
The 3 divisions of System Software
- Operating System
- Utility Software
- Language Translators
3 examples for language translators
- Assembler
- Compiler
- Interpreter
What does the Operating System do?
It allows the user to utilize the computer’s functions by managing its hardware and software
What is utility software used for?
To manage and analyze the software of a computer system
2 examples of utility sotware
- Anti-virus software
- Disk formatting
What do language translators do?
Converts high level languages into machine language which the computer can understand
What do language translators do?
Converts high level languages into machine language which the computer can understand
Name 4 uses of application software
- Creating documents
- Mathematical functions
- Data entry
- Playing computer games
What is the Operating System
The software which facilitates interation between the human user and hardware
Installation and management of Application software is done by ……..
The Operating System
5 examples for Operating Systems
- Microsoft Windows
- Apple Macintosh
- Ubuntu
- Android
- Hanthana Linux
What is proprietary software?
Licensed software which require payment for use
Name 2 proprietary Operating Systems
- Microsoft Windows
- Apple Mac
Who developed Microsoft Windows?
The Microsoft Corporation
Name 5 editions of Microsoft Windows
- Windows XP
- Windows vista
- Windows 7
- Windows 8
- MS Windows Server (server edition)
Name 5 editions of Microsoft Windows
- Windows XP
- Windows vista
- Windows 7
- Windows 8
- MS Windows Server (server edition)
What is the Operating System developed by Microsoft for mobile devices?
Windows Mobile
Who developed Apple Macintosh?
Apple Incorporation
Name a software that can only be used in a ceratin kind of computer
Apple Macintosh
What was Ubuntu based on?
Linux Operating System
Who developed Android Operating System?
Android was mainly used on ……
Mobile devices
What was Hanthana Linux based on?
Linux Operating System
4 types of Operating Systems
- Single user operating systems
- Multi-user operating systems
- Multi-tasking operating systems
- Real Time operating systems
What is a single user operating system?
An OS providing service to one person at one time
An example of a single user operating system
MS Dos
What is a Multi user operating system
An OS providing service to multiple users at a time
2 Examples of multi user operating systems
- Linux
- Windows Server
What is a multi tasking operating system?
An OS which can run multiple processes at a time
4 examples for multi tasking operating systems
- Windows 7
- Windows 8
- Ubuntu
- Mac
What is a real time operating system?
An OS which provides output with no observable delay
2 examples for real time operating systems
- ATM
- Calculator
The 2 main services of an Operating System
- Managing hardware
- Providing a UI
6 processes of hardware management by the OS
Management of,
1. Processes
2. Memory
3. Devices
4. Files
5. Security
6. Network
Where are input data stored before being transferred to the CPU?
In the RAM
What are device controllers used for?
Controlling peripheral devices
What are device drivers used for?
Controlling software components
Name 6 services provided by the OS in managing files
- Making new files and saving them in sutiable locations
- Deleting unnecessary files
- Arranging folders and deleting unnecessary folders
- Renaming files and folders
- Changing storage locations of files and folders
- Creating backup files and folders
Handing file properties, file operations, file access and file systems
The 2 methods of accessing files
- Sequential access
- Random access
What is the purpose of a User Interface?
To simplify human interaction with computers in a user-friendly manner
2 types of UI’s
- Command Line Interface (CLI)
- Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Where are commands inputted in the CLI?
In the Prompt
What is the abbreviation given to the four components in the GUI?
WIMP
What are the 4 componenets of WIMP?
- W - Windows
- I - Icons
- M - Menus
- P - Pointer
Name 13 utility programs of an OS
- Backup software
- Disk scanner
- Disk defragmentation
- File/data compression
- Task Manager
- System diagnosis tools
- Anti-virus software
- Clipboard
- Data synchronization
- Disk partitioning software
- Screensavers
- System profiles
- Network utilities
What is disk partitioning?
The division of the hard drive into several logical sections/partitions
3 instances where partitioning could take place
- When configuring a hard disk for the first time
- When adding a new hard disk
- When a hard disk is replaced with a new one
What would happen if a partitioned hard disk is partitioned again?
All of its data could get deleted
3 reasons for partitioning
- Saving different items in different places
- Having more than one OS
- Meeting requirements of the OS
What would be the name given to all partitions, multimedia drives, flash drives etc. in the Linux environment?
Directories
After partitioning, what must be done to use the computer again?
Format each drive individually
What is formatting?
The process of preparing a storage device for data storing
Name a device which comes pre-formatted?
USB Flash Drives
Name a device which comes pre-formatted?
USB Flash Drives
What happens to the data after formatting is performed?
The data would be deleted
What is fragmentation?
A file which is too large to be stored in a single track of the hard disk being stored in dfferent locations of it
What is disk defragmentation
The arranging of fragmented data on a volume making it work more efficiently
Why is there low possibility of fragmentation in Linux based OS’s?
Because space is left between saved files which can be used when files expand due to editting and files can be relocated if the space limit is exceeded
What are the two main components of a file name?
- File name
- File extension
The step by step process of seeing file extensions
Start > Control Panel > Folder Options >
View > Hide Extensions for known file types >
untick > Click OK
What is the symbol that seperates the file name and the file extension?
The fullstop (.)
Name 5 file extensions with their respective file types
- exe - executable
- docx - Word
- xlsx - Excel
- pptx - Powerpoint
- accdb - Access
If a pen drive was connected to the computer, what would be the label of it?
[K:]
