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ICT - 10 > Lesson 5 - Operating Systems > Flashcards

Lesson 5 - Operating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 main parts a computer consists of

A
  1. Hardware
  2. Firmware
  3. Software
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2
Q

What is hardware?

A

Physical components of a computer system that have a defined shape

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3
Q

What is firmware?

A

The booting instructions stored in the ROM

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4
Q

Explain the booting process, step by step

A
  1. The user turns on the computer
    2.BIOS is activated
  2. The first program, POST is activated and with the CMOS, all hardware is checked to ensure whether they are functioning properly
  3. THe MBR is read in boot drive alongside the bootsrap loader (which is a firmware)
  4. The Operating System is loaded in boot drive to the RAM
  5. The Operating System takes control and the UI is displayed
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5
Q

What does BIOS stand for?

A

Basic Input Output System

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6
Q

What does POST stand for?

A

Power On Self-Test

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7
Q

What does MBR stand for?

A

Master Boot Record

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8
Q

What does CMOS stand for?

A

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

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9
Q

Simply, what is the booting process?

A

The process in which the Operating System is loaded into the RAM

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10
Q

What is Software?

A

A set of instructions given to the computer to perform activities

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11
Q

The 2 main divisions of Software

A
  1. System Software
  2. Application Software
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12
Q

Give 5 examples for Application Software

A
  1. Word Processing
  2. Spreadsheets
  3. Databases
  4. Computer Games
  5. Web Browsers
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13
Q

The 3 divisions of System Software

A
  1. Operating System
  2. Utility Software
  3. Language Translators
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14
Q

3 examples for language translators

A
  1. Assembler
  2. Compiler
  3. Interpreter
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15
Q

What does the Operating System do?

A

It allows the user to utilize the computer’s functions by managing its hardware and software

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16
Q

What is utility software used for?

A

To manage and analyze the software of a computer system

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17
Q

2 examples of utility sotware

A
  1. Anti-virus software
  2. Disk formatting
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18
Q

What do language translators do?

A

Converts high level languages into machine language which the computer can understand

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18
Q

What do language translators do?

A

Converts high level languages into machine language which the computer can understand

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19
Q

Name 4 uses of application software

A
  1. Creating documents
  2. Mathematical functions
  3. Data entry
  4. Playing computer games
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20
Q

What is the Operating System

A

The software which facilitates interation between the human user and hardware

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21
Q

Installation and management of Application software is done by ……..

A

The Operating System

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22
Q

5 examples for Operating Systems

A
  1. Microsoft Windows
  2. Apple Macintosh
  3. Ubuntu
  4. Android
  5. Hanthana Linux
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23
Q

What is proprietary software?

A

Licensed software which require payment for use

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24
Q

Name 2 proprietary Operating Systems

A
  1. Microsoft Windows
  2. Apple Mac
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25
Q

Who developed Microsoft Windows?

A

The Microsoft Corporation

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26
Q

Name 5 editions of Microsoft Windows

A
  1. Windows XP
  2. Windows vista
  3. Windows 7
  4. Windows 8
  5. MS Windows Server (server edition)
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27
Q

Name 5 editions of Microsoft Windows

A
  1. Windows XP
  2. Windows vista
  3. Windows 7
  4. Windows 8
  5. MS Windows Server (server edition)
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28
Q

What is the Operating System developed by Microsoft for mobile devices?

A

Windows Mobile

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29
Q

Who developed Apple Macintosh?

A

Apple Incorporation

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30
Q

Name a software that can only be used in a ceratin kind of computer

A

Apple Macintosh

31
Q

What was Ubuntu based on?

A

Linux Operating System

32
Q

Who developed Android Operating System?

A

Google

33
Q

Android was mainly used on ……

A

Mobile devices

34
Q

What was Hanthana Linux based on?

A

Linux Operating System

35
Q

4 types of Operating Systems

A
  1. Single user operating systems
  2. Multi-user operating systems
  3. Multi-tasking operating systems
  4. Real Time operating systems
36
Q

What is a single user operating system?

A

An OS providing service to one person at one time

37
Q

An example of a single user operating system

A

MS Dos

38
Q

What is a Multi user operating system

A

An OS providing service to multiple users at a time

39
Q

2 Examples of multi user operating systems

A
  1. Linux
  2. Windows Server
40
Q

What is a multi tasking operating system?

A

An OS which can run multiple processes at a time

41
Q

4 examples for multi tasking operating systems

A
  1. Windows 7
  2. Windows 8
  3. Ubuntu
  4. Mac
42
Q

What is a real time operating system?

A

An OS which provides output with no observable delay

43
Q

2 examples for real time operating systems

A
  1. ATM
  2. Calculator
44
Q

The 2 main services of an Operating System

A
  1. Managing hardware
  2. Providing a UI
45
Q

6 processes of hardware management by the OS

A

Management of,
1. Processes
2. Memory
3. Devices
4. Files
5. Security
6. Network

46
Q

Where are input data stored before being transferred to the CPU?

A

In the RAM

47
Q

What are device controllers used for?

A

Controlling peripheral devices

48
Q

What are device drivers used for?

A

Controlling software components

49
Q

Name 6 services provided by the OS in managing files

A
  1. Making new files and saving them in sutiable locations
  2. Deleting unnecessary files
  3. Arranging folders and deleting unnecessary folders
  4. Renaming files and folders
  5. Changing storage locations of files and folders
  6. Creating backup files and folders

Handing file properties, file operations, file access and file systems

50
Q

The 2 methods of accessing files

A
  1. Sequential access
  2. Random access
51
Q

What is the purpose of a User Interface?

A

To simplify human interaction with computers in a user-friendly manner

52
Q

2 types of UI’s

A
  1. Command Line Interface (CLI)
  2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
53
Q

Where are commands inputted in the CLI?

A

In the Prompt

54
Q

What is the abbreviation given to the four components in the GUI?

A

WIMP

55
Q

What are the 4 componenets of WIMP?

A
  1. W - Windows
  2. I - Icons
  3. M - Menus
  4. P - Pointer
56
Q

Name 13 utility programs of an OS

A
  1. Backup software
  2. Disk scanner
  3. Disk defragmentation
  4. File/data compression
  5. Task Manager
  6. System diagnosis tools
  7. Anti-virus software
  8. Clipboard
  9. Data synchronization
  10. Disk partitioning software
  11. Screensavers
  12. System profiles
  13. Network utilities
57
Q

What is disk partitioning?

A

The division of the hard drive into several logical sections/partitions

58
Q

3 instances where partitioning could take place

A
  1. When configuring a hard disk for the first time
  2. When adding a new hard disk
  3. When a hard disk is replaced with a new one
59
Q

What would happen if a partitioned hard disk is partitioned again?

A

All of its data could get deleted

60
Q

3 reasons for partitioning

A
  1. Saving different items in different places
  2. Having more than one OS
  3. Meeting requirements of the OS
61
Q

What would be the name given to all partitions, multimedia drives, flash drives etc. in the Linux environment?

A

Directories

62
Q

After partitioning, what must be done to use the computer again?

A

Format each drive individually

63
Q

What is formatting?

A

The process of preparing a storage device for data storing

64
Q

Name a device which comes pre-formatted?

A

USB Flash Drives

65
Q

Name a device which comes pre-formatted?

A

USB Flash Drives

66
Q

What happens to the data after formatting is performed?

A

The data would be deleted

67
Q

What is fragmentation?

A

A file which is too large to be stored in a single track of the hard disk being stored in dfferent locations of it

68
Q

What is disk defragmentation

A

The arranging of fragmented data on a volume making it work more efficiently

69
Q

Why is there low possibility of fragmentation in Linux based OS’s?

A

Because space is left between saved files which can be used when files expand due to editting and files can be relocated if the space limit is exceeded

70
Q

What are the two main components of a file name?

A
  1. File name
  2. File extension
71
Q

The step by step process of seeing file extensions

A

Start > Control Panel > Folder Options >
View > Hide Extensions for known file types >
untick > Click OK

72
Q

What is the symbol that seperates the file name and the file extension?

A

The fullstop (.)

73
Q

Name 5 file extensions with their respective file types

A
  1. exe - executable
  2. docx - Word
  3. xlsx - Excel
  4. pptx - Powerpoint
  5. accdb - Access
74
Q

If a pen drive was connected to the computer, what would be the label of it?

A

[K:]

ICT - 10 (9 decks)

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